1. Neurostimulation for the Management of Medication-Resistant Epilepsy

3. This program will include a discussion of devices used off-label and devices not approved by the FDA for use in the US

4. Background

5. Determination of DRE

6. Terminology

7. DRE: ILAE Guidelines

8. Prevalence and Consequences of DRE

9. Risk Factors for DRE

10. Changing Treatment Goals With DRE

11. Treatment Options for DRE

12. Number of Candidates for Neurostimulation Therapy

13. Neurostimulation Devices for Epilepsy

14. Heart-Brain Connection: Mechanisms and Prevalence of Cardiac Changes in Epilepsy

15. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy: Patient Characteristics

16. Factors to Consider When Assessing Response to Antiseizure Therapy

17. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy: Meta-Analysis of Efficacy

18. Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Later Response

19. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy: Earlier Use Study

20. Long-Term Effectiveness of Vagus Nerve Stimulation: 50% Responder Rates

21. Randomized, Open, Prospective Trial of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on HRQoL

22. Impact of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on SUDEP

23. Responsive Neurostimulation: Patient Selection

24. Responsive Neurostimulation: Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial

25. Responsive Neurostimulation Pivotal Study: 2-Year Responder Rates

26. Responsive Neurostimulation Pivotal Study: Seizure-Free Periods

27. Comparing Stimulation Techniques

28. Comparison of Device Outcomes

29. Conclusions

30. Abbreviations

31. Abbreviations