1. Research Paper Questions
Please answer the following on your own piece of paper:
How did the research and writing process go for you?
2. What was helpful?
3. What would have made it better?

3. CAUSES
Religious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty
The growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes to pay troops
Heavy taxes led to additional unrest and peasant revolts
ABSOLUTISM
EFFECTS
Rulers regulated religious worship and social gatherings to control the spread of ideas
Rulers increased the size of their courts to appear more powerful
Rulers created bureaucracies to control their countries’ economies

4. Write 5 qualities that are important for a monarch to posses and why.
Journal # 9
Write 5 qualities that are important for a monarch to posses and why.

6. Definitions
Absolutism: political belief that one ruler should hold all of the power within the boundaries of a country
Monarchy: a government in which power is in the hands of a single person
Absolute Monarch: Kings or Queens who held all of the power within their states’ boundaries
Divine Right: the idea that God created the monarch and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth.

7. All right stop…collaborate and listen
Will an absolute monarch be a suitable government style? Why or why not?
What are positives of Absolute Monarchy?
What is a negative aspect of Absolute Monarchy?

8. Characteristics of Absolute Monarchs

9. Spanish Monarchs Philip II Son of Charles V Inherited Spain
Spanish Netherlands
American Colonies

10. Philip II Shy, serious, hard working and deeply religious
Seized the Portuguese kingdom after the king had passed (his uncle)
Africa, India and East Indies
Large empire = incredible wealth
“His smile and dagger were very close”

11. Spain had seen religious conflict prior
Reconquista
Inquisition
His duty to defend Catholicism
Muslim in the Ottoman Empire
Protestants in Europe
1571, the Pope called upon the Catholics to defend their faith

12. Spanish Armada Philip’s response to the Pope
More than 200 ships sent to defeat other religions
Defeated a large Ottoman Empire fleet
Set out to punish Queen Elizabeth and protestants
Surprisingly, the Spanish were defeated

13. By the numbers By the year 1600 Philip had… 339,000 pounds of gold
16,000 tons of silver
¼ of every shipload of treasures became his royal share
An army of 50,000 soldiers

14. INFLATION
Growing Population
Value of silver drops

15. Enemies Become Rich Cheaper to buy from other countries
Money left quick due to war debts
Enemies Become Rich

16. Military power to keep control Economic indifference
The Dutch Revolt
Military power to keep control
Religious difference
Economic indifference

17. Unique Qualities – Netherlands
Practiced religious tolerance
Mostly Protestant, but many Jews and Catholics lived there, no issues
Not a kingdom but a republic
Traders – very wealthy (little natural resources in Netherlands)
Largest fleet of ships in the world
4,800 by 1636
Dominated Asian spice trade
Become bigger bankers than the Italians in Florence

18. Philip II starts a Trend
Forceful ruler
European monarchs followed
Philip II starts a Trend

19. Monarch Power is Growing
Decline of feudalism
Rise of cities and growth of kingdoms
Centralize authority
Growing middle class
Peaceful and supportive climate
Ultimately more money
Use wealth to pay for own ambitions
Decreased church authority

21. HOMEWORK!!! Read Chapter 13 Section 5 (Scientific Rev.) Take notes
- Pages
Take notes
Note taking guide – example
DUE: Thursday 10/2
Be ready to discuss tomorrow

22. Journal #9
What are the benefits and costs of science and technology?
What is the heliocentric theory
Why did many ideas of the Scientific Revolution threaten the Church?

23. At your table groups…
Please pick one of the major people/events from the scientific revolution.
As a group you must create/act out a scene that represents them and/or their contribution to science.
You will show your scene to the class

24. Hard and Soft Power

25. Definitions: Hard Power
Hard power refers to coercive tactics:
the threat or use of armed forces, economic pressure or sanctions, assassination and deception, or other forms of intimidation.

26. Definitions: Hard Power
Hard power is generally associated to the stronger of nations, as the ability to change the domestic affairs of other nations through military threats.

27. Definitions: Soft Power
  "[Soft power] is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payments. It arises from the attractiveness of a country's culture, political ideals, and policies. When our policies are seen as legitimate in the eyes of others, our soft power is enhanced."  Joseph S. Nye, Jr.

28. Definitions: Soft Power
However A well run military can be a source of attraction Example Napoleon I image as a Great General and military hero arguably attracted much of the foreign aristocracy to him. Hitler? Stalin?

29. Hard/Soft Power Spectrum
In small groups you will create a spectrum of different examples of both hard/soft power
You need to have 7 examples total throughout the spectrum
For each example, you need to explain/justify their location on the spectrum
Aim to have a variety – not just all hard power
Soft Power
Moderate
Hard Power

30. What would Machiavelli think?
“[T]he principal foundations of all states are good laws and good armies,” and that “[a] prince, therefore, must not have any other object nor any other thought…but war, its institutions, and its discipline

31. Examples of Hard and Soft Power

33. The Rise of Prussia

35. Prussia Another state to emerge from the Holy Roman Empire
Beginning of German unity – sort of
Prussia – Northern Germany – Berlin area
Frederick William I is King
Sees destruction of Thirty Years War and vows to always have a strong army
Prussia becomes a military state

36. Prussia Develops Monarchies
Ruling family – Hohenzollerns
Ambitious family
Frederick William I
Elector of Brandenburg
Created one of the best armies
Developing an absolute monarch
Permanent taxation
Weakened representative assemblies
Rigidly controlled – highly militarized society

38. Frederick the Great Son of Frederick William I
Tried to follow military footsteps of his father
Softened some rules
Encouraged religious tolerance
legal reform
A prince… is only the first servant of the state, who is obliged to act with probity (honesty) and prudence… As the sovereign is properly the head of a family of citizens, the father of his people, he ought on all occasions to be the last refuge of the unfortunate.

39. The first characteristic of the sovereign prince is the power to make general and special laws, but – and this qualification is important – without the consent of superiors, equals or inferiors.
If the prince requires the consent of superiors, then he is a subject himself; if that of equals, he shares his authority with others; if that of his subjects, senate or people, he is not sovereign.

40. The Hapsburg Family

41. Charles V gave up his throne
Ferdinand II – head of the Hapsburg family
Gained control of HRE
Ruled the Czech kingdom of Bohemia
Foreigner catholic – little trust from Protestants
Started the Thirty years’ war
Conflict of religion and territory

42. Large empires and kingdoms throughout central Europe become weak
Families try to fill this void by developing absolute monarchies.

43. Austria Grows stronger
Austrian Hapsburg take steps to become monarchs
1. During the thirty years’ war they conquer Bohemia – created a new Czech nobility
2. Centralized the government and created a standing army
3. Retake Hungary from the Ottoman Empire
Charles VI becomes ruler
Diverse group of subjects

44. Hapsburg continue their power
Charles VI wanted to make sure the power would stay with the family
Persuaded other leaders to agree to recognize his eldest daughter as his heir
Does this sound familiar??
This agreement stated…
Guaranteed a peaceful reign
What actually happened…
Faced many years of war
Main enemy was Prussia

45. War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748)
Maria Theresa bribed Hungary into staying on her side—hence Austria-Hungary
Got the backing of Britain, of course, but they just gave her money
Fought her opponents to a stalemate and won back all seized land, except Silesia.

46. Austrian Golden Age Maria Theresa establishes a court in Vienna
Reforms the church—made the monarchy far less tied to Catholicism
Cleaned house with the nobles—made them intermingle
Created a expansive bureaucracy
Revamped military
Created a trading network, not with colonies but over European empire

47. The Seven Years War (1756-1763) AKA, The French and Indian War
Austria, France and Russia VS. Britain and Prussia
First time Russia plays a major role in European affairs
1st war between the oceans – global war
Mainly started over colonial and Austrian Succession vendettas
Battled to a stalemate on the continent
Real winner was again, England, who crushed France and kicked them out of N. America
Austria lost nothing for starting this mess and stayed in power

49. Crash Course – Seven Years War

50. Exit Slip On your own piece of paper answer the following:
1. What is Absolutism?
2. What is divine right?
I learned…
I want to know more about…
5. Questions I still have are…

51. Absolute Rulers of Russia
Use the textbook and read pages
Provide definitions for the following terms/people:
Ivan the Terrible
Boyars
Westernization
Peter the Great
Answer the following questions – DUE AT END OF CLASS
Why was Russia culturally different from Western Europe?
How did Ivan the terrible deal with his enemies during the “bad period”?
What were ways that Peter tried to westernize Russia?
Who do you think was more of an absolute Monarch: Ivan the Terrible or Peter the Great?
Which of Peter’s actions in building St. Petersburg show his power as an absolute monarch?