1. Brain and Behavior

2. Neuronal structure Cell body Dendrites Axon Terminal buttons Myelin
Vesicles
Transporter molecules
Myelin

3. Synapse
Synapse - gap between two neurons

4. Communication within a neuron
Action potential
Brief electrical charge that travels down an axon as charged ions move in and out of the axon’s membrane

5. Communication within a neuron
Action potentials
Threshold of excitation
Cell body to terminal buttons
All-or-none firing
Rate of firing

6. Communication between neurons
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers released when action potential reaches the terminal button
Carry message across the synapse
Fit into receptors on the receiving neuron
Excitatory
Inhibitory

7. Communication between neurons
Synaptic communication is terminated when neurotransmitter is removed from the synapse
Reuptake
Enzymatic deactivation

8. Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin
Glutamate
GABA

9. Drugs All psychotropic drugs work by binding to receptors in the brain
Agonists
Antagonists

10. Nervous system Central nervous system - Brain
- Spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
- All nerves extending from CNS

11. Nervous system

12. Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal
____________
division (arousing)
___________
division (calming)
Pupils dilate EYES Pupils contract
Decreases SALIVATION Increases
Perspires SKIN Dries
Increases RESPIRATION Decreases
Accelerates HEART Slows
Inhibits DIGESTION Activates
Secrete stress
hormones
ADRENAL
GLANDS
Decrease secretion
of stress hormones

13. Types of neurons
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

14. Reflexes Automatic responses to stimuli
Occur entirely within the spinal cord

15. Brain divisions & regions
Brain stem
Myelencephalon
Medulla
Metencephalon
Cerebellum
Mesencephalon
Reticular formation

16. Brain divisions & regions
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

17. Brain divisions & regions
Telencephalon
Cerebral cortex
Complex thought and behavior
Limbic system
Emotions
Basal ganglia
Coordination and balance

18. Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe

19. Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Prefrontal cortex
Motor cortex
Parietal lobe
Sensory cortex

20. Cerebral cortex Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Auditory cortex
Courtesy of V.P. Clark, K. Keill, J. Ma. Maisog, S. Courtney, L.G.
Ungerleider, and J.V. Haxby,
National Institute of Mental Health
Temporal lobe
Auditory cortex
Occipital lobe
Visual cortex

21. Lateralization of cortical function
Left hemisphere
Language areas
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Analyzing sequences
Right hemisphere
Emotion
Spatial relations

22. Corpus Callosum Connects the two cortical hemispheres Corpus Callosum
Martin M. Rother
Courtesy of Terence Williams, University of Iowa

23. Split Brain Patients
With the corpus callosum severed, objects (apple) presented in the right visual field can be named. Objects (pencil) in the left visual field cannot.

24. Limbic system
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Nucleus accumbens

25. Basal ganglia Coordinates balance and motor output Caudate Putamen
Globus pallidus