2. Some Information
Instructor Details
Main Book

3. Course Overview Course will be AEEE203
Introduction to logic, design, digital systems and computer architecture concepts
Topics include
Digital computer systems
Number systems
Arithmetic operations
Combinational logic circuits and design
Sequential circuits
Registers and counters
Memory and programmable logic devices
Introduction to sequencing and control

4. Course Assessment
Assignment1 – 5% (approx. week 3)
Assignment2 – 5% (approx. week 11)
Mid-term exam – 15% (approx. week 7)
Laboratory work – 15% (best of 5 out of six experiments – 3% each)
Final – 60%

5. Signal An information variable represented by physical quantity.
For digital systems, the variable takes on discrete values.
Two level, or binary values are the most prevalent values in digital systems. 
Binary values are represented abstractly by:
digits 0 and 1
words (symbols) False (F) and True (T)
words (symbols) Low (L) and High (H)
and words On and Off.
Binary values are represented by values or ranges of values of physical quantities

6. Signal Examples Over Time
Continuous in value & time
Analog
Digital
Discrete in value & continuous in time
Asynchronous
Discrete in value & time
Synchronous

7. Signal Example – Physical Quantity: Voltage
Threshold Region
The HIGH range typically corresponds to binary 1 and LOW range to binary 0. The threshold region is a range of voltages
for which the input voltage value cannot be interpreted reliably as either a 0 or a 1.

8. Binary Values: Other Physical Quantities
What are other physical quantities represent 0 and 1?
CPU Voltage
Disk CD
Dynamic RAM
Magnetic Field Direction
Surface Pits/Light
Electrical Charge

9. ANALOG GOES DIGITAL
Photography
Video
Audio
Automobile applications
Telephony/Telecommunications
Traffic lights
Special effects

10. ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL PROCESSING
Reproducibility of results
Ease of design
Programmability
Speed
Noise tolerance

11. Digital System
Takes a set of discrete information inputs and discrete internal information (system state) and generates a set of discrete information outputs.
System State
Discrete
Information
Processing
System
Inputs
Outputs

12. Types of Digital Systems
No state present
Combinational Logic System
Output = Function(Input)
State present
State updated at discrete times
=> Synchronous Sequential System
State updated at any time
=>Asynchronous Sequential System
State = Function (State, Input)
Output = Function (State) or Function (State, Input)

13. Digital System Example:
A Digital Counter (e. g., odometer):
Count Up 1 3 5 6 4
Reset
Inputs:
Count Up, Reset
Outputs:
Visual Display
State:
"Value" of stored digits
Synchronous or Asynchronous?

14. A Digital Computer Example
Inputs: Keyboard, mouse, modem, microphone
Outputs: CRT, LCD, modem, speakers
Answer: Part of specification for a PC is in MHz. What does that imply? A clock which defines the discrete times for update of state for a synchronous system. Not all of the computer may be synchronous, however.
Synchronous or Asynchronous?