1. Implicit association and craving towards shopping cues in buying disorder
Patrick Trotzke, Sabine Löber, Astrid Müller & Matthias Brand

2. 1
Introduction

3. Introduction Buying disorder (BD) Compulsive Buying Oniomania
Buying Addiction
Shopaholism
Pathological Buying
Buying Disorder
(Black, 2007; McElroy et al., 1994; Müller et al., 2015)

4. Behavioral Addictions
Introduction
Etiology & pathogenesis
Behavioral Addictions
Buying Disorder
Decision-making
Craving
APA, 2013; Derbyshire et al., 2014; Grüsser et al., 2004; Lawrence et al., 2014; Serfas et al., 2015; Starcke et al., 2012; Trotzke et al., 2014, 2015; Voth et al., 2014

5. Cue-reactivity & craving Craving
Introduction
Cue-reactivity & craving
Craving
Irresistible desire to consume a substance
Development and maintenance of addiction
Relevant cues
Cue-reactivity:
(Raab et al., 2011; Starcke et al., 2012; Trotzke et al., 2014)

6. CS (internal/ external)
Introduction
Reward-related learning
Substance intake
CR+
CR-
Craving
Negative emotions
CS (internal/ external)
Cue-Reactivity
Positive emotions
Positive reinf.
Negative reinf.
Sensitization
(Everitt & Robbins, 2005; Grüsser & Thalemann, 2006)

7. Implicit associations
Introduction
Implicit associations
Implicit associations build due to reward related learning
Positive implicit associations involved in wanting without liking drugs and lead to approach behavior
(Brevers et al., 2013)
(Yen et al., 2010)
(Snagowski et al., 2015)

8. Introduction
Aims
Relationship between implicit associations and cue- reactivity/craving towards shopping cues.
Relationship between implicit associations and the symptom severity of buying disorder.
Moderating effect of craving on this relationsship?

9. 2
Methods

10. Methods Sample description ♀ ♂ N n % 292 218 74.7 74 25.3 M SD Min Max
Age
24.2
8.9 18 73

11. Craving pre Craving post
Methods
Implicit Association Test
Cue- Reactivity Paradigm
Craving pre
Craving post
Desires of Alcohol Questionnaire /shopping (DAQ)
Arousal Valence
Urge
(1=not at all/negative to 5 = very/positive)
Desires of Alcohol Questionnaire /shopping (DAQ)
2 Categories
Shopping
Jogging
(Trotzke et al. 2014,2015)

12. Implicit Association Test (IAT) Categorization task
Methods
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Categorization task
4 differenet cues (shopping, jogging, positive, negative, )
Addiction congruent trials (Round 3 & 4)
Addiction incongruent trials (Round 6 & 7)
D2SD Higher score = faster reaction times in Round 3 & 4 = higher implicit associations
Shopping
Shopping
Shopping
Shopping

13. Methods
Assessments
Pathological Buying Screener (PBS) (Müller, Trotzke et al., 2015)
Screener for symptom severity of BD
Two Subscales PBS-1: Loss of control PBS-2: Excessiveness

14. 3
Results

15. Results Correlations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. PBS
2. PBS-1 loss of control
.942***
3. PBS-2 excessiveness
.787***
.535***
4. Arousal
.363***
.343***
.286***
5. Valence
.278***
.242***
.257***
.825***
6. Urge
.447***
.421***
.354***
.808***
.751***
7. Craving-post
.517***
.505***
.375***
.582***
.516***
.610***
8. D2SD
.150*
.127*
.145*
.217***
.210***
.220***
.196**

16. PBS-2 excessiveness Results Moderated regression analysis R² = 15.6%
D2SD
β=.052, p=.917
R2=.021, F=6.08, p=.014
PBS-2 excessiveness
Craving-post
β=-.390, p<.001
∆R2=.143, ∆F=40.41, p<.001
∆R2=.156, ∆F=4.09, p<.05
Interaction
β=-.116, p<.05
R² = 15.6%
F (3, 282)= 17.31, p < .001

17. Results
Simple slope analysis
No effect of implicit associations on the symptom severity in the high craving group.
In the low craving group participants with high implicit associations had higher symptoms

18. 4
Discussion

19. Discussion
Relationship between implicit associations and cue- reactivity/craving.
Relationship between implicit associations and symptom severity of buying disorder
Moderating effect of craving on the relationship between implicit associations and symptom severity of buying disorder
No effect in the high craving group
Effect of implicit associations in the low craving group
Explanation?

20. Ambivalent feelings in addicted individuals
Discussion
Ambivalent feelings in addicted individuals
Avoidance
Approach
(Breiner, Strizke, & Lang, 1999)
(Wiers, Rinck, Dictus, & Wildenberg, 2009)

21. Discussion
Selection of the contrast category ?
Single target IAT

22. Discussion
Future research
Investigation of other implicit cognitive measure
Attentional bias
Implicit arousal
Semantic memory associations
Single target IAT
Investigation of clinical treatment seeking sample

23. Thanks for your attention