1. The Urinary System

2. Functions of the Urinary system
Maintain homeostasis of:
Blood
Fluid volume
Blood pressure pH
Removes waste

3. Fluid intake and output
Food, water by mouth
Cellular respiration
Output:
Voiding (urination)
Micturition (urination)
Sweat
Exhaled vapor
Feces

4. The Ureters tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to urinary bladder
extension of renal pelvis
10 to 12 inches
primary function is to transport urine
gravity -hydrostatic pressure
peristaltic action by muscularis layer

5. The Urinary Bladder a hollow muscular organ
stores urine until excretion
shape is depends on how much urine is present
when filled with urine it is somewhat pear shaped

6. The Urethra tube leading from bladder to exterior of the body
Female-- 1 1/2 in
Male-- 8 in
External Urethral Sphincter = sphincter muscle controlling urination

7. Urine is made in the kidneys

8. Nephrons the functional units of the kidney
filters blood by removing waste products
forms urine
portions of the nephrons are located in both the cortex and medulla

9. Function of the Nephrons
regulates blood fluid and electrolyte balance
Forms urine
the fluid and solutes removed from the blood

10. Components of a Nephron
Renal Corpuscle = bulb like end of the nephron located in the cortex of the kidney
contains the Glomerulus and Bowman's Capsule
Renal Tubules = thin twisting ducts of tubes

11. Glomerulus MAIN FUNCTION IS FILTRATION Afferent arteriole goes into it
Efferent arteriole leaves
Podocyte processes (contain pedicels-slits)
Tuft of capillaries

12. Glomeruler-Bowman’s capsule
Collects fluid
Leads into PCT

13. The Renal Tubules three main sections Proximal Convoluted Tubule --PCT
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule DCT
surrounded by Peri-Tubular Capillaries
reabsorption of fluid back into the blood
secretion of excess ions into urine

14. Urine Production 3 process involved in Urine Production
all occur in the Nephrons
Glomerular Filtration (blood filtered) –RENAL CORPUSCLE
Tubular Reabsorption (fluid & electrolytes to blood)—PCT & LOOP OF HENLE
Tubular Secretion (from ( blood tubular fluid) - DCT

15. Kidneys size of your fist Paired organs
Renal Fascia = covering on kidney
anchors the kidney to abdominal wall
Adipose Capsule = adipose tissue around each kidney
--protects the kidney from
trauma
--holds the kidney firmly in
place
Renal Capsule = skin-like layer of tissue surrounding each kidney

16. Kidney (cont) Hilus = where the ureter leaves the kidney
Renal Sinus = a cavity within the kidney by the Hilus
Cortex = outer reddish area of the kidney
Medulla = middle brownish area of the kidney

17. Kidney (cont)
Renal (Medullary) Pyramids = 8 to 18 triangular structures within the medulla
Renal Pelvis = an area to collect urine from the renal pyramids
Calyces = channels into the renal pelvis

18. Physical Characteristics of Urine
Color = yellow or amber
can vary considerably with diet
Turbidity = clear then turns cloudy
Odor = usually odorless, but can smell if left standing

19. Urine Volume normally one to three quarts per day influenced by:
Blood Pressure
Blood Concentration
Temperature
Diuretics
Emotions
Hormones

20. -Chemical Composition of Urine
Water = 95%
5% solutes from cellular metabolism or
Organic Components of Urine
Urea - Uric Acid - Creatine
Hippuric Acid - Ketone Bodies - Others
Inorganic Components of Urine
NaCl Ca NH4+
Mg PO4 (3-) SO4 (2-)

21. Abnormal Substances in Urine
Glucose
Ketone Bodies
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Billirubin
Large number of microbes

22. FYI
the entire volume of blood in the body is filtered by the kidneys about 60 times each day
filters about 180 Liters (45 gallons) of fluid a day
returns over 99% of the fluid back to the body

23. The end