1. Lipids
A Type of Organic Molecule
-Fats, Oils, Waxes and Steroids

2. Lipids Not soluble in H2O but are soluble in oils.
More energy in lipids than in carbohydrates
Made up of C, H, O but very little O

3. Triglyceride: Fats 1 glycerol + 3 Fatty acids
glycerol and fatty acids (hydrocarbon chains) hooked together by dehydration synthesis (condensation rxn)
Glycerol Hydrocarbon chain (non polar)

4. When drawing hydrocarbons it is often easier and quicker to draw a kinked line where each kink represents a carbon.
The angled appearance of the bonds is also a better representation of its actual structure.
C C C
C C C

5. Phospholipid
Same structure as triglyceride but with 1 phosphate group

6. 2 types of fat on hydrocarbon tail
Saturated
Unsaturated fats
A butter sculpture from the North Carolina state fair

7. Saturated Fats: Has as many H’s as you can get
Solid at room temperature b/c carbon chains are straight and “stack” up flat
Made by animals
Examples include:
Fat
Lard
Butter

8. Triglyceride: Fats
m.p. 70ºC

9. More butter sculpture…
Yes, this is made of butter.
It’s called “Deep in the heart of Texas”
A fine use of saturated fat.

10. Unsaturated Fats: Has double bonds, less H’s Made by plants
Oil (liquid) at room temperature
m.p. -5ºC
m.p. 16ºC

11. I. Triglycerides and Fatty Acids
most have even numbered chains, between 12 and 20 carbons
cis isomer predominates in unsaturated fatty acids
more unsaturation  lower melting point
stearic acid (18:0)
m.p. 70ºC
oleic acid (9-18:1)
an -9 fatty acid
m.p. 16ºC
linoleic acid (9,12-18:2)
an -6 fatty acid
m.p. -5ºC
linolenic acid (9,12,15-18:3)
an -3 fatty acid
m.p. -11ºC

12. Steroids Cholesterol (type of steroid) Hormones (type of steroid)
Consist of four interconnected rings of carbon
Cholesterol (type of steroid)
Hormones (type of steroid)
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone

13. androgens (male sex hormones)
produced in the testes
responsible for development of male sex characteristics estrogens (female sex hormones)
produced in the ovaries
responsible for development of female sex characteristics cortisone hormones
produced in the adrenal cortex
regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, decrease inflammation, involved in reaction to stress