1. Ch 1 Matter and Change 1.1 Chemistry is a Physical Science
Chemistry is the study of matter (composition, structure, properties) and processes
Branches of chemistry:
Organic-study of all chemicals containing carbon
Inorganic-chemicals not containing carbon
Analytical-composition of matter
Physical- mechanism, rate, energy transfer of matter undergoing change
Biochemistry- study of processes taking place with organisms
Theoretical- use math/comp understand principles

2. Basic Research: to increase scientific knowledge
Applied Research: to solve a problem
Technological Developments: production and use of products to improve quality of life
See chemistry in:
Medicine- medicines, materials, technology
Biotechnology-production of biological products/ processes
Agriculture-develop more productive crops, safer/effective ways to protect crops
Environment- identify and prevent pollutants
Universe- gather data and bring it back to Earth

3. Thinking like a scientist (we all do!!)
History: chemistry came from alchemy
Alchemists developed tools and techniques for working with chemicals
Lavisier transformed science with creation of balance
Experiments: Manipulated (independent) vs Dependent (responding variable)
Scientific method: observations, making hypothesis, experimentation, developing theories/laws, communicating findings
Collaboration- working together/ sharing ideas

4. 1.2 Matter and Its Properties
Atom: smallest unit to ID  element: pure substance cannot be broken down
Combining 2+elements/atoms compound
Solid (desk), Liquid (water), Gas (He), Plasma (lightening)
All substances have properties
Extensive: depends on amount; volume, mass, amount of energy
Intensive: depends on type/composition (not the amount); melting point, boiling point, density, conduct electricity, transfer heat energy

5. Physical Properties: obs/ID without changing composition
Physical change: cutting, grinding, melting, boiling, phase changes
Change in state: solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Chemical Properties: changes composition
Chemical change: reactants products, change chemical composition
Evidence of chemical change: gas produced, temp change, precipitate formed, color change, odor produced

6. Pure substances: fixed composition
Every sample: has same characteristic properties and exactly same composition
Mixtures: 2+ matter blended together
Heterogeneous: no uniform
Homogeneous (aka solution): uniform composition

7. 1.3 Elements Periodic table is organized by chemical properties
Groups (columns)
Similar chem comp
1-18
Periods (rows)
Repeating patterns
1-7

8. Metals Nonmetals Metalloids
Characteristics: shininess/metallic luster, conduct electricity and heat well, malleable, ductile (make fine wire), high tensile strength (resist breaking)
Nonmetals
Characteristics: gas or solid at room temp, brittle, poor conductor of electricity and heat
Group 18 noble gases: low reactivity, full e- shells
Metalloids
Characteristics: solids at room temp, less malleable/not as brittle, some have luster, semiconductors of electricity