1. American Revolution part 2
The War of 1812
American Revolution part 2

2. Fast Forward George Washington 1st President Served 1789-1797
Vice President John Adams
Political Party- None
Died 1799
False teeth but not wooden ones!

3. #2 John Adams
Served
Vice President T.J.
Did not accomplish much as president
Political party: Federalist
Died: July 4, 1826

4. 3/5th compromise (helped win him the 1800 election over Adams)
#3 Thomas Jefferson
Served
3/5th compromise (helped win him the 1800 election over Adams)
Vice President Aaron Burr and George Clinton
Party: Republican (not The same as today)
Bought Louisiana
Died July 4, 1826
(50 yrs after the Declaration of Independence)

5. #4 James Madison
Served
Vice President George Clinton and Elbridge Gerry
Party: Republican
Died in 1836
President during the War of 1812

6. During Jefferson’s Presidency
Napoleon is trying to take over Europe.
France and England fight Again! And again and again.
England does not want France getting help from the US
Jefferson gets The Embargo Act passed by Congress

7. Vocab
Impressment –British practice of forcing people, including U.S. citizens, to serve in the British army or navy
Embargo- banning of trade with a country
Embargo act law that prohibited American merchants from trading with other countries
Nationalism- belief in, love of and support of one’s country

8. Before the War (Causes)
Prior to the war England was impressing U.S. sailors to help fight against France.
Congress enacts the “Embargo Act” to punish both England and France and to protect U.S. Ships. Mostly, it ended up hurting American merchants.
England was encouraging Native Americans to fight against the U.S.
One of the most influential Native American leaders was the Shawnee Chief Tecumseh. He planned to unite western tribes against the U.S. Killed in the Battle of Thames Oct 5, 1813

9. Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the War of 1812.
What were the three major reasons that the US declared war on Great Britain in 1812?
The U.S. declared war on
Great Britain because of their:
- impressments of U.S. sailors.
- violation of U.S. sea rights.
- support of Native Americans.

10. Early in the War
The next generation of leaders were in Congress at this time. Men like Henry Clay of KY and John C. Calhoun of S.C. These young men that wanted war were known as War hawks.
War hawks- Members of Congress that favored war with the British and westward expansion of the U.S.
The U.S. declares war on England June 1, 1812.
First Battle was off the coast of Nova Scotia. The U.S.S. Constitution vs H.M.S. Guerriere.
“Old Ironsides” won the battle

11. England at War
Since they are fighting France (Again), England needs help.
They turn to a Shawnee Chief, Tecumseh

12. Tecumseh Leader of the Shawnee Nation
He knows the only way for the Native Americans to keep their land and stop the settlement by the white Americans, is for them to join together in an alliance to fight.
He travels all over the interior of America, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico to get tribes to buy into his alliance.
It almost works but Tecumseh is killed at the Battle of the Thames Oct 5, 1813

13. It was a good first quarter and then….
The Americans won a number of early battles in the war
Privateers attack British shipping
But….England did not have its first string in.
The war with Napoleon ends and England sends over the A team.
Things change in a hurry

14. Washington, D.C is Attacked
The city was completely unprepared for the invaders, but one woman took immediate action. Even as people were fleeing the city in droves, First Lady Dolley Madison refused to leave without some of the nation's most important treasures-including the famous Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington.
In 1814, the British set Washington, D.C. on fire, including the White House, Capital, and the Library of Congress .

15. After D.C.
After the U.S. defeat at Bladensburg, a well respected and well connected American doctor, Dr. Wiliam Beanes was giving aid to wounded soldiers, both American and British. The British troops left him alone. Later, he participated in having 4 drunk British deserters locked up. This did not set well with British General Ross, and he had Dr. Beanes arrested and taken out to his flagship.
Friends of Dr. Beanes contacted lawyer Francis Scott Key about seeking his release. Key contacted President Madison about this, seeking approval. Madison heartily approved and even sent Col. John Skinner a U.S. prisoner exchange agent to lend a hand.
The two sailed out to Ross’ flag ship and negotiated Beanes’ release for one week.

16. The Star-Spangled Banner
The British attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore.
Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a British ship, where he was trying to convince the British to release an American prisoner.

18. When the smoke cleared, “our flag was still there”.
In response, Key wrote the poem “Defense of Fort McHenry”, which later was put to music,” Anacreon in Heaven.”  and renamed “The Star-Spangled Banner”.

19. Bombshells that exploded into deadly fragments were Britain's most formidable weapon against Fort McHenry. Seamen launched the bombs from ships known as bomb vessels using mortars with a range of about 2.5 mi. (4 km).

20. Mortars lobbed high arching exploding shells at Ft
Mortars lobbed high arching exploding shells at Ft. McHenry, they were lbs!

21. Rockets Red Glare
The British used Congreve incendiary rockets to set ships or forts on fire.
The rocket was 4’ to 5’ long and were attached to 12’-15’ poles
They were very inaccurate, and they did little damage to Ft. McHenry
Andrew Jackson calls them “Mere toys to amuse children.”

22. Battle of New Orleans
Led by Gen. Andrew Jackson, the U.S. defeated the British two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed.
Casualties: Britain – 2,030; U.S. – 13 Killed 20 Wounded