1. Review Questions What event forced the United States to enter WWII?
On what date did this occur?
What did FDR call this day?
What now must the United States do?

2. AIM: How did the United States mobilize for WWII?

3. Conversion of Society
The US must convert from peacetime to a wartime society – What does a nation need to fight a war?
Need:
Materials (weapons, food, uniforms, medical supplies, etc)
Manpower
$$ Money $$
Support!
GOAL: out produce Axis

4. How does the 2nd graph help explain how the production miracle was possible?

5. Materials Industrial Response
Factories convert & built: civilian to war production
War production: tanks, planes, machine guns, warships, cargo ships – record speed!
The U.S.S. Missouri sits at a shipyard.

6. Materials
War Production Board (WPB): decide which companies convert production
allocate raw materials
collection of recyclable materials
Sacrifices & rationing: meat, butter, clothing, gas
Office of Scientific Research & Development
Improved Radar and Sonar – Developed miracle drugs and developed the Atomic Bomb

7. A poster urging people to save paper for the war effort.

8. Manpower – On the Home front
Workforce: unemployment ends -7 million more jobs
18 mil. jobs to war effort by 1944
Women: 5 mil. in male jobs1/3 of the jobs
60 % of men’s pay: no security - “Rosie the Riveter”

9. Manpower - Military Selective Service - the GI
After PH: 5 mil. men vol. for military
10 mil. more drafted: meet needs of two-front war
Expanding the Military
Women’s Army Corps (WAC): noncombat positions – 216,000

10. Poster for the Waves, a department for women in the U.S. Navy.

11. Mexican-American platoon in training at Fort Benning, Georgia
Manpower - Military
Thousands of Mex-Amer, Chinese-Amer, Japanese-Amer, Native- Amer join military
1 mil. African Americans serve: live, work in segregated units
Mexican-American platoon in training at Fort Benning, Georgia

12. $$ Money $$ Economic Controls
Office of Price Administration (OPA): freezes prices, fights inflation
Higher taxes, purchase of war bonds lower demand for scarce goods

13. Support Propaganda! – Everything focused on the war effort! Movies
Posters
Radio
mags
paper

14. Wartime Paranoia Internment of Japanese-Americans
Hawaian government forced to order internment (confinement) of Japanese
[1942] FDR signs removal of Japanese-Americans in four states
Army forces 110,000 into – “relocation camps”
Relocated – lost property
$20,000

15. Wartime Paranoia –Japanese Internment
Executive Order 9066 – authorizes the internment of Japanese.
Matter of national security
California, where many Japanese-Americans lived, was considered to be vulnerable to attack by Japanese forces.
The US government alleged that Japanese-Americans were instrumental in arranging the attack on Pearl Harbor.
the Japanese were more visible than German-Americans and Italian-Americans.
Nisei: Born in USA – Japanese Ancestry – 2/3 of those in the camps
Korematsu v. US (1944)
Justified – “military necessity” not racial

16. Reasons
California, was considered to be vulnerable to attack by Japanese forces.
The US government alleged that Japanese-Americans were instrumental in arranging the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Bias: Japanese were more visible than German-Americans and Italian-Americans.

17. 8

19. Mobilizing for Defense1
SECTION
Mobilizing for Defense
Americans Join the War Effort
Selective Service and the GI
After Pearl Harbor, 5 million men volunteer for military service
10 million more drafted to meet needs of two-front war
Expanding the Military
• General George Marshall—Army Chief of Staff—calls for women’s corps
• Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)—women in noncombat positions
• Thousands enlist; “auxiliary” dropped, get full U. S. army benefits
Image
Continued . . .
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20. Recruiting and Discrimination1
SECTION
continued Americans Join the War Effort
Recruiting and Discrimination
Minority groups are denied basic citizenship rights
Question whether they should fight for democracy in other countries
Dramatic Contributions
300,000 Mexican Americans join armed forces
1 million African Americans serve; live, work in segregated units
13,000 Chinese Americans and 33,000 Japanese Americans serve
25,000 Native Americans enlist
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21. A Production Miracle The Industrial Response 1
SECTION
A Production Miracle
The Industrial Response
Factories convert from civilian to war production
Shipyards, defense plants expand, new ones built
Produce ships, arms rapidly
- use prefabricated parts
- people work at record speeds
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Continued . . .
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22. Mobilization of Scientists1
SECTION
continued A Production Miracle
Labor’s Contribution
Nearly 18 million workers in war industries; 6 million are women
Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong discrimination at first
• A. Philip Randolph, head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
• Organizes march on D.C.; FDR executive order forbids discrimination
Mobilization of Scientists
Office of Scientific Research and Development— technology, medicine
• Manhattan Project develops atomic bomb
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23. The Federal Government Takes Control1
SECTION
The Federal Government Takes Control
Economic Controls
• Office of Price Administration (OPA) freezes prices, fights inflation
• Higher taxes, purchase of war bonds lower demand for scarce goods
• War Production Board (WPB) says which companies convert production
- allocates raw materials
- organizes collection of recyclable materials
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Rationing
• Rationing—fixed allotments of goods needed by military
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