1. Chapter 5 The Classical Thinkers
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2. Forerunners of Classical Thought
Mores
proscribe serious violations of a group’s values
Folkways
time-honoured customs that carry force of
tradition
Laws
Mala in se, mala prohibita
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3. The Demonic Era Good versus Evil
Interpretations of evil range from the cosmic
level (e.g., karma, fate) to personal
deviance resulting from demonic possession.
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4. Sources of Criminal Law
Code of Hammurabi
Early Roman Law
Common Law
Magna Carta
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5. The Enlightenment Thomas Hobbes Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke
social contract
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
natural law
John Locke
tabula rasa
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6. The Classical School Developed from the period of the Enlightenment.
Crime and deviance were products
of the exercise of free will.
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7. The Classical School Cesare Becarria (1738-1794)
punishment should be a deterrent rather
than retribution
punishment should be used to prevent
crime
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8. The Classical School Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
behaviour holds value according to the amount
of pleasure or pain that it can be expected to
produce for the individual
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9. Neo-Classical Criminology
Rational Choice
Situational Crime Control Policy
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10. Punishment and Neo-Classical Thought
Just Deserts
offenders deserve
punishment
Deterrence
specific deterrence,
general deterrence,
recidivism
Capital Punishment
Public Humiliation
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11. Policy Implications of the Classical School
Individual-rights advocates
dangerousness, incapacitation
Law and order advocates
get-tough-on-crime policies
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