1. The First Civilizations
In this chapter we will learn about: The Early Humans, Mesopotamia, and the First Empires

2. What is a Historian?
Someone who studies and writes about the human past
Section 1: The Early Humans

3. What is an Archaeologists? What is an Anthropologist?
Hunters for evidence that is buried in the ground. An Anthropologist focuses on human society.
Artifacts
They also look for fossils. What is a fossil? (Think dinosaurs)

4. Paleolithic Times
Paleolithic people were hunters and gatherers. They traveled from place to place.

5. Hunters and Gatherers
Nomads = people who regularly move from place to place

6. Paleolithic People: The Ice Ages
Ice Ages = Long periods of extreme cold. The Paleolithic people used fire for survival.
There have been many ice ages. The last Ice Age was from 100,000 B.C. – 8,000 B.C.

7. Paleolithic People: Language and Tools
Paleolithic people were the first to communicate with each other. They were also the first to use technology (tools)

8. Paleolithic People Summary
Paleolithic people were nomads. What were nomads?
People who live from place to place. To survive, they hunted animals and gathered berries and other resources of the Earth
To survive the cold of the Ice Ages, what did the Paleolithic people use to keep warm?
Fire!
What are some things Paleolithic people invented?
Tools, language, and art

9. Neolithic Times
After the last Ice Age, people began to settle down. They would pick a place to live and stay there.

10. Neolithic People: Farming
Neolithic people domesticated animals so they didn’t have to hunt.
They also began to farm so they didn’t have to find and gather food. Now they could SPECIALIZE

11. Neolithic People: Villages
Now that the Neolithic people could farm and stay in one place:
Their villages began to grow
And grow!

12. Neolithic People Summary
What was so special about the Neolithic people? What did they begin to do?
They began to domesiticate animals. They began to farm. They could survive from home!
Neolithic people began to grow. What did their tiny communities grow into?
Villages. Eventually villages would turn into cities, and the foundation of Mesopotamian Civilization