1. Neolithic Revolution

2. Civilization is born Nomadic societies domesticated animals
Sedentary societies emerged
Advantages
Costs
Steady food supply
Heavily depended on crops
Population growth
Disease from close contact with animals
Sedentary societies able to sustain other occupations
Can’t easily leave the site

3. Basics of civilization
Political (territory-based) institutions
Organized religion
Urban/administrative centers
Hierarchical system of classes
Taxation (far from universal)
Division, specialization of labor
Further technological development
Trade (but note Paleolithic luxury trade)
Writing (a late step!)

4. Areas of independent development
SW Asia (wheat, pea, olive, sheep, goat)
China & SE Asia (rice, millet, pig)
Americas (corn, beans, potato, llama)

5. Agricultural Revolution expands
First plow invented c.6000BCE;
crop yields grow exponentially by 4000BCE.
Pop. grows from 5-8 million to million.
Eventually agricultural populations begin to spread out, displacing or assimilating nomadic groups; farming groups grow large enough for advanced social organization

6. Jericho: Modern Israel, Catal Huyuk: Modern Turkey , First settled:
First known cities
Jericho: Modern Israel,
First settled: 7000BCE
Catal Huyuk: Modern Turkey , First settled:
7000BCE

7. (POSSIBLE B/C FOOD SURPLUSES!)
First Towns emerge
Towns require social differentiation: metal workers, pottery workers, farmers, soldiers, religious and political leaders.
(POSSIBLE B/C FOOD SURPLUSES!)
Served as trade centers for the area; specialized in the production of certain unique crafts
Beginnings of social stratification (class)