2. Introducing “The Atom”

3. The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.
Atoms are so small that it would take ~1 million of them to stretch across this (.)
The Atom

8. What three subatomic particles make up atoms?

9. How do I determine atomic structure?

12. Isotopes of Carbon

13. Isotopes

15. Radioactive Isotope: Helpful or Harmful?

16. The Atom: Electrically Neutral

17. Electron Arrangement Determines Chemical Properties of an Atom

18. Elements can combine to form compounds

19. Bonding: Share, Donate, or Receive

20. Ionic Bonds: Donate/Receive

21. Ionic Bonds

23. Covalent Bonds

25. Unequal Electron Sharing Creates Polar Molecules

26. Unequal Electron Sharing Creates Polar Molecules

27. Hydrogen Bonds are Weak Bonds Important in Chemistry of Life

28. Hydrogen bonds make liquid water cohesive, adhesive, & relate to surface tension

29. Cohesion
The tendency of molecules to stick together is much stronger for water than most liquids.
Trees depend on cohesion to help transport water and nutrients from roots to their leaves.
Evaporation of water from a leave exerts a pulling force on water within the veins of the leaf.
Surface Tension: measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

30. Water’s Hydrogen Bonds Moderate Temperature
Water resists temperature change.
Stabilizes ocean temps, creating favorable environment for marine life.
66% of your body weight is water; helps moderate your internal temperature.
Evaporative Cooling

31. Evaporation = Cooling Process

32. Ice is less dense than liquid water
As water freezes, each molecule forms stable hydrogen bonds with four neighbors, creating a 3D crystal.
Ice crystal has fewer molecules than an equal volume of water.
Less dense floats!
Creates a blanket that prevents aquatic life forms from freezing during winter months.
Polar bears use frozen surface as a hunting ground!

33. Water is Solvent of Life

34. The Chemistry of Life is Sensitive to Acidic and Basic Conditions