1. I. The Reason for Cell Division

2. A. Reproduction, Growth, and Repair
Unicellular organisms use division for reproduction
Multicellular allow grow and development in zygotes
Replace damaged or dead cells

3. With mitosis you get two identical cells from a parent cell
Precisely replicates DNA
Sends a copy of DNA to each pole of the cell
Separates into two daughter cells

4. B. From One Cell To Two Daughter Cells
The genome is your entire genetic material
Some genomes of organisms are very small like prokaryotes
Some are larger as in eukaryotes
Division is possible because genomes are organized into chromosomes

5. Chromosomes are supercoils of chromatin
Genes are carried on chromosomes
Proteins maintain the structure and are involved in gene expression, replication, and repair

6. Our body cells have 46 chromosomes
Our gametes contain 23
In interphase chromosomes cannot be seen
During prophase and throughout mitosis chromosomes are visible

7. Each chromosome consist of two sister chromatids
The two chromatids possess identical copies of the chromosomes DNA and are attached at the centromere

8. II. The Mitotic Cell Cycle

9. A. The Mitotic Phase Alternates With Interphase
Cell division is a small portion of the cell cycle
Mitosis is known as the M phase
Here we have the division of the nucleus and cytokinesis

10. 
Interphase is the nondividing stage of the cell cycle
It occupies about 90% of the cell cycle
It has three periods

11. G1 phase- 1st growth phase (the G stands for gap)
S phase- synthesis phase chromosomes are duplicated
G2 phase- 2nd growth phase

12. Mitosis is unique to eukaryotes
Prokaryotes go through a process known as BINARY FISSION
Mitosis is a continuous process
This is a very reliable process.

13. Mitosis
4 phase of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

14. Chromosome
Sister chromatids
Centromere

15. Prophase Centrioles split Spindle forms
Chromatin coils into chromosomes.
Nuclear envelope (membrane) and nucleolus disappear.

16. Metaphase Doubled chromosomes in middle
Sister chromatids line up to separate.

17. Anaphase Centromere split DNA known as chromosomes again
Pulled to poles
Spindle shortens

18. Telophase Chromosomes unwind.
Nuclear envelope (membrane) forms around both groups of chromosomes.
Cell membrane begins to pinch together forming the cleavage furrow.

19. Cytokinesis Cytoplasm divided In plant cells along cell plate
In animal cells at cleavage furrow

20. Results of Mitosis
Two new daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent. (Chromosomes are identical)

21. After Mitosis
The cells continue to grow (interphase) and reproduce (mitosis).