1. Presented To You By: Kyle, Catey, Emily, Kobe, Josh, Mary, Susannah, Chris, and Ashley Salinity Compaction Erosion Lead

2. + At the UVM campus there is a lot of snow. Road salt is used to melt it and create safer walking conditions. When runoff washes away salt, it increases the salinity of nearby soil and kills grass alongside walkways that have been salted. Salinity More Salt Less Salt

3. + Compaction Walking on a compacted path. Cars can cause compaction. Compaction kills grass. Soil that has been closely packed down is considered compacted. You can find compaction on footpaths and cut corners. Compaction increases run off and soil erosion, fouling waters.

4. + Erosion Erosion is the washing away of soil by the flow of water. This is often found sloped areas and where water runoff flows most often. These photos show a sloped section of grass being eroded by runoff from a drainage pipe.

5. + Solutions Rain gardens also divert water from becoming runoff and encourage permeation, reducing erosion. Depositing large rocks can help hold soil in place and encourage water to permeate into the ground. Paving over cow paths can reduce the effects of compaction. Planting flowers and fencing off areas can keep people and equipment off, preventing compaction.

6. + The History of Lead Health Effects: -Madness, death, sterility and infertility Historical Uses: -Cosmetics, paints, food seasoning, wine preservatives, silverware, dishes, coins, plumbing, smoking pipes, bullets, sinkers, glass, and protection from radioactivity Recent Uses: -Lead paint, leaded gasoline, lead acid batteries 1921- National Lead Company admits lead is a poison 1978- Lead-based house paint banned 1986- Clean Air Act bans sale of leaded gasoline References: http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/History+of+Lead+Use http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/perspect/lead.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline#Tetraethyllead The Elements, Theodore Gray

7. + Pearl House 12 Colchester Ave Burlington, VT One of the oldest frame structures in Burlington Built in 1789 Sold in 1794 as a 50 acre plot to Col. Pearl 1856-1906- known as the Foote House 1874-81- was remodeled in Victorian fashion 1919- bought by UVM on 1.5 acres 1989- restored to its original style 1998- opened as a daycare center- soil removal to reduce lead in play area Today- used as a math building Reference: http://www.uvm.edu/histpres/HPJ/burl1830/streets/university/pearl.html, Email- Vincehttp://www.uvm.edu/histpres/HPJ/burl1830/streets/university/pearl.html

8. + Map of Soil Samples Paint on this house contains 24,400 ppm lead

9. + Pearl House Lead Levels

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11. + Thank you for listening!