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GML & JPEG 2000 for Geographic Imagery

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Presentation on theme: "GML & JPEG 2000 for Geographic Imagery"— Presentation transcript:

1 GML & JPEG 2000 for Geographic Imagery
Applications to Geo-spatial Intelligence Ron Lake November 21, 2018

2 “Imagery” and Geo-spatial Intelligence
Objective is to understand what is happening ! Implications: Use many “observation sources” Conventional and non-conventional satellite imagery. Visual, radar and thermal imagery Aerial photography (oblique, high oblique, panoramic) Hyper-spectral imagery Weather data Ground observations Extract – fuse information to create best model of “what is happening” Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

3 “Imagery” and Geo-spatial Intelligence
Not always clear “what” we are observing. Use of decoys and obfuscation. Need to operate in connected and disconnected environments. High emphasis on data integrity – “pixels” alone don’t tell the story ! Let’s see what GML in JP2K brings to the table! Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

4 Many Image Types Stereo satellite image pair
Single oblique aerial image Stereo aerial image pair Stereo satellite image pair Idea is to use a GML Application Schema for each image type. The GML “metadata” (from JPEG perspective) increases the value of the image data. Hyperspectral Satellite Image Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

5 More than “imagery” Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

6 Single oblique aerial image
Many Image Types JPEG Data Package Single oblique aerial image JPEG 2000 CodeStream Image Geometry Image Radiometry Image metadata GML Data & Schema Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

7 Stereo aerial image pair
Many Image Types JPEG Data Package Stereo aerial image pair JPEG 2000 CodeStreams Image Geometry Stereo-Model Image Radiometry Image metadata GML Data & Schema Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

8 ISO Standard for image compression.
What is JPEG 2000? ISO Standard for image compression. Wavelet based like ECW or Mr Sid but open. Handle very large images (gigabytes) Not a geographic image format. Can embed XML data in the data package (JPX) Rich complex specification. Can have ROI compression – lossy compression of entire scene with lossless compression of a region of interest. Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

9 GML en route to being an ISO standard (is CD now) – ISO 19136
What is GML ? Geography Markup Language is an approved specification of the OpenGIS Consortium an organization of 260+ vendors, government agencies and academic bodies (including NGA!) GML en route to being an ISO standard (is CD now) – ISO 19136 Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

10 XML Grammar (XSD) for geography.
What is GML? XML Grammar (XSD) for geography. Features (vector) Coverages (i.e. images) Coordinate Reference Systems, Geometry, Topology. Units of Measure Time Map Styling. Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

11 Coverages are mappings from a domain set to a range set
GML - Coverages Distributions of quantities (Coverages) domain range Geographic Region f(x) x Values elevation temperature rock type reflectance Coverages are mappings from a domain set to a range set Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

12 Sea Surface Temperature
GML - Coverages Distributions of quantities (Coverages) E-R View Coverage isA Sea Surface Temperature Bathymetry Model RS Image Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

13 We can classify coverages by the domain geometry
GML - Coverages range f(x) x Values depth temperature salinity reflectance Surface tesselations Segmented Curves Discrete Point Sets Distributions of quantities (Coverages) We can classify coverages by the domain geometry Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

14 Coverage Domain Geometry (Grid, polygonal surface ..)
GML Coverage GML Describes: Coverage Domain Geometry (Grid, polygonal surface ..) Values (quantities with units, scalar, composite ..) GML encode (transport) value and geometry XML Values String Values Binary Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

15 Specification will be released this fall.
GML in JPEG 2000 JPEG 2000 allows use of XML for “metadata”. GML is XML How should GML be used? OGC Developing GML in JPEG 2000 Specification: Led by Galdos Systems and LizardTech EUSC, SPOT Image, USGS, ERMapper, Intergraph, ITT are among key participants. Galdos and LizardTech to release commercial codec/SDK. Specification will be released this fall. Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

16 Metadata Hierarchy Think about metadata in a hierarchical manner !
Coverage Metadata e.g. ISO etc. Coverage GML Coverage description Values JPEG 2000 header Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

17 Why GML & JPEG 2000? Flexible, open standard for geographic imagery.
Enables best of both GML (geography) and JPEG 2000 (imagery) to be brought together. Extensible. From a solid base can define extended support for Coordinate Reference Systems, Units, sensor types etc. Extensible: Image package can contain the geographic image – extracted features – annotation – metadata – and styling of features & annotation. Completely open standard – defined by OGC and ISO (JPEG 2000.) Handles standalone (detached) and networked cases Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

18 Use Cases Image/Coverage Types (Wide Variety) Image geometry
Aerial Photograph Stereo Pair Satellite Image Hyper-spectral Image Triangulation Block Digital Elevation Model Image geometry Image “radiometry” (coverage value/range) Image Annotation Feature Extraction/Interpretation Coordinate references and units (e.g. radiometry) Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

19 GML & JPEG 2000 - Basics External Value File
Coverage = generalized image GML Coverage Description Coverage Geometry Coverage Value Description Pointer to external file Coverage Values External Value File GML can use external files to hold coverage values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

20 Coverage Value Description
GML & JPEG Basics GML Coverage Description JPEG 2000 Package Coverage Geometry GML can reference values within the containing JPX Pkg. Coverage Value Description Coverage Values Values Coverage Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

21 Coverage Value Description
GML & JPEG Basics GML Coverage Description Coverage Geometry Coordinate Reference System Definition Units of Measure Definition Coverage Value Description Coverage Values Can reference external definitions of CRS and Units of Measure Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

22 Geographic Image Metadata
External Metadata Description via ISO 19139, ISO 19115, FGDC, User Defined Schema etc. GML Coverage Description Coverage Geometry Coverage Value Description Supports References to External Metadata Records Coverage Values Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

23 Geographic Image Metadata
GML Coverage Description Supports References to Internal Metadata Records Coverage Geometry Coverage Value Description Coverage Values Internal Metadata Description via ISO 19139, ISO 19115, FGDC, User Defined Schema. NITF TREs ? Metadata (User Schema, ISO, FGDC etc) Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

24 Coverage Value Description
Annotating Images GML Coverage Description Target Coverage Geometry Coverage Value Description Coverage Values GML can define annotation features in geographic or image coordinate systems. Annotation Features Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

25 Annotating Images GML Coverage Description Target Coverage Geometry Coverage Value Description Coverage Values GML can describe styling of the annotation – annotation appearance. Annotation Features Annotation Styling Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

26 Bundling Extracted Features
GML Coverage Description Coverage Geometry Coverage Value Description Coverage Values Geographic Features An integrated package bundling features & imagery Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

27 Bundling CRS & Unit Definitions
GML Coverage Description CRS Definitions can be bundled with the image. Units of Measure Definitions can be bundled with the image Coverage Geometry Coverage Value Description Coverage Values Can Package and Ship CRS or Units Definitions CRS Definition Units Definition Values Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

28 GML Coverage Description
Instance Data Dictionary Instance Coverage App Schena Feature App Schena Annotation App Schema Instance Schema (Static) Dictionary Schema Metadata Schema gml coverage.xsd gml dictionary.xsd gml feature.xsd gml units.xsd gml valueObjects.xsd gml crs.xsd Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

29 Applications to Geo-spatial Intelligence
Capture typical geographic imagery including Rectified and non-rectified aerial and space borne imagery Capture non-standard image types. Define content standards across all image types – e.g. stereo pairs (aerial photographs), Ikonos etc. Bundle annotation and imagery together. Bundle features and imagery. Support both connected and disconnected operations. Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

30 Applications to Geo-spatial Intelligence
Enhance data integrity – metadata, annotations, units of measure, CRS definitions travels with the data! Facilitate automated extraction of metadata for image catalogues. OGC Web Registry Service (Catalogue) Image metadata GML in JP2K Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

31 Universal image representation Image geometry and “radiometry”
Summary Universal image representation Image geometry and “radiometry” Optical, radar, multi-spectral imagery. Elevation, bathymetry, and weather data. A final “image format” ? Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

32 GML Book First 8 chapters are introduction
Covers theory and application Examples for DB and Legacy GIS Published May 2004 See a review in Jan/Feb 2005 Issue of GIS Professional Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018

33 Questions Powering the Geo-Web November 21, 2018


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