1. Matter and Change
Chapter 1

2. What is chemistry? Chemistry is the study of matter.
text: “Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes”
Chemistry is really a lot more exciting than the text definition!!

3. General fields of study
Theoretical chemistry
Use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind chemical behavior and to design and predict properties of new compounds
Organic chemistry
all substances containing carbon (from living things)
Inorganic chemistry
substances that don’t contain carbon (nonliving things)

4. Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Biochemistry
concerned with finding the components and composition of substances
Physical chemistry
The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Biochemistry
the study of living organisms

6. Within all of the fields there are two different goals of science.
Applied scientists work towards solving a problem. (AIDS research, etc..)
Basic scientists seek more information for the sake of knowledge itself.

7. What is matter? How do we explain it? Classify it?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass: measure of the amount of matter
Matter comes in many forms
Fundamental building blocks of matter are elements and compounds
Elements: pure substance made of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances
Compound: pure substance made of two or more types of atoms CHEMICALLY combined and can be broken down into simpler substances

8. Element or Compound? Carbon dioxide Water Helium Hydrogen Carbon Sugar
Salt

9. Understanding matter Described by physical and chemical properties
Physical properties can be intensive or extensive
Intensive properties are those that do not change with the amount of substance, where extensive properties do

10. Intensive or Extensive?
Mass
Density
Boiling point
Solubility
State of matter
Volume

11. Understanding Matter
Physical properties: observed without altering substance composition
Color, texture, luster, melting point, boiling point, solubility
Chemical properties: ability of substance to undergo chemical reaction to form new substances (chemical change)
Combustibility, non-reactive, ability to corrode, toxicity

13. Physical or chemical property?
Hardness
Density
Malleability
Tendency to corrode
Flammability
Weight
Failure to react with other substances
Mass
Volume
Melting point
Ductility

14. Understanding Matter
Based on properties, we can determine whether a physical change or chemical change has taken place
Physical change: a change in substance that does not alter the identity of the substance
Changes of state (melting, boiling, etc)
Solid: definite shape and volume
Liquid: definite volume, indefinite shape
Gas: indefinite shape and volume
Chemical change: a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

16. Indicators of a chemical change
Formation of new substances
Change in heat/ energy
Gas produced
Formation of a precipitate
Color change

17. Is the change physical or chemical?
Dissolving sugar in water
Combining vinegar and baking soda
Smashing a glass jar
Bending wire
Freezing mercury
Making caramel from sugar
Silver tarnishing

18. Classifying Matter
Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture
Pure substance: either an element or a compound, fixed composition
Mixture: a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

19. Mixtures
Homogeneous: uniform in composition, referred to as solutions, same proportion of components throughout
Soft drinks, metallic alloys
Heterogeneous: not uniform in composition
Granite, clay and water

20. Classifying matter

21. Classify it! (element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture)
Egg
Table salt
Bronze
Dry ice
Gasoline
Water
Oxygen
Oil in water
Granite
Sugar water
Alphabet soup
Gold
Silver
ice