1. Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action
Chapter 2
Properties of Matter

2. WHATS A MATTA

3. Matter vs Non-matter (or I don’t know)

4. Let’s create a definition

6. CHEMICAL VS PHYSICAL

12. Physical Properties

13. Examples of physical properties
Definition: a physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the material
Here are some examples:
Viscosity- resistance of a liquid to flowing
Conductivity- ability of material to allow heat to flow
Malleability- ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering
Hardness- resistance to scratching
Melting point- the temperature at which a substance changes form solid to liquid
Boiling point- the temperature at which a substance boils
Density- the ratio of mass to volume or m/v

14. Pure substance is matter that always has exactly the same composition
A pure substance always has the same properties because the substance has a fixed, uniform composition
Element: an element is a substance that cannot be broken down in simpler substances. It is a single type of atom

15. Elements as pure substances
Elements contain only one type of atom
Elements have a fixed composition (due to only one type of atom)
Examples of elements: gold (Au), silver (Ag) and platinum (Pt)
Names of elements have one or two letters
If there is a second letter, it is not capitalized

16. Compounds as pure substances
Definition: a compound is a substance that is made from 2 or more simpler substances, AND can be broken down into simpler substances
A compound always contains 2 or more elements joined in a fixed proportion
Since compounds are matter that always contain the exact same elements in the exact same proportions, they are pure substances

17. Mixtures are not pure substances
Recall that a pure substance is matter that always has exactly the same composition
Mixtures vary in composition so they are not pure
The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of the mixture is not fixed
Example: salsa- one batch may have more onions, fewer tomatoes or tons of peppers compared to another batch

18. Different types of mixtures
Definition: a heterogeneous mixture is not the same throughout
Example: fruit salad
Definition: a homogeneous mixture is the same throughout
Example: rubbing alcohol or milk
Mixtures are also classified by the size of the largest particles as solutions, suspensions or colloids

19. Usefulness of Physical Properties
Physical properties are used to identify a material, to choose a material for a specific purpose or to separate substances from a mixture
The methods often involve math since many physical properties are described by numbers (boiling point and melting point, for example)

20. Separating Mixtures There are several ways Here are some examples:
Filtration- separating substances based on the size of the particles (sand from water, for example)
Distillation- separation of substances based on their boiling points (requires that the boiling points are different from each other)

21. Magnetism- using magnetic property of some metals to separate from nonmagnetic materials
Density- some substances may float (less dense) in water, while others sink: using density this way allows separation of less dense substances from more dense substances such as driftwood floating on water

22. Recognizing Physical Changes
Definition: a physical change is a change in the physical form or properties of a substance that occurs without a change in composition
The substances in the material remain the same
Size and shape might change but not composition

23. Words that describe physical change
Examples of physical change include:
cutting, grinding, bending, water changing to steam, melting of ice
Some words that describe physical change:
boil, freeze, dissolve, melt, condense, break, split, crack, crush and dissolve

24. Chemical Properties

25. Physical or Chemical?
When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter changes
When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter remains the same

26. Observing Chemical Properties
chemical property: is the ability to produce a change in the composition of matter
Chemical properties can be observed only when substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances

27. Two types of chemical properties include flammability and reactivity
Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen
Reactivity is the ability of a substance to combine chemically with other substances

28. Observations of chemical change
Change in color, production of gas, formation of precipitate
Precipitate is any solid that forms when 2 liquids are mixed
Other examples of chemical change:
Burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode and corrode

29. CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL