1. Chapter 2
Matter and Change

2. Essential Questions What properties are used to describe matter?
How can matter change its form?

3. Pogil Time!!! – Fundamentals of Experimental Design
What is a POGIL?
Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning
Groups of two or three (pull your desks together)
Read and follow all instructions carefully!!
Be prepared for discussion throughout the process.

4. 2.1 properties of matter - Key questions
Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?
What are three states of matter?
How can physical changes be classified?

5. Properties of matter
Matter can be described by observations made when you look at a particular sample of matter.
Make some observations in your notes about the
reaction taking place in the photo.

6. Properties of matter
Extensive Properties – are properties that depend on the amount of matter in a sample.
Look at the photos to the right and list some extensive
properties in your notes.
Mass, volume, length

7. Properties of matter
Intensive Properties – are properties that depend on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount.
Think of some examples of intensive properties and write them in your notes.

8. Properties of matter

9. Properties of matter
Any matter that has uniform and definite composition is called a substance.
Think of some examples of a substance and list 1-2 intensive properties and 1- 2 extensive properties for each substance.

10. Properties of matter – key question
Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?
Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.

11. Properties of matter
When you discuss properties of a substance that define a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition it is called a Physical Property.

12. Properties of matter States of Matter Solid Definite shape and volume
Liquid
Indefinite shape and definite volume
Gas
Indefinite shape and indefinite volume

13. Properties of matter – key question
What are the three state of matter?
Solid, Liquid, and Gasses

14. Properties of matter Matter can change.
What changes can you observe about the water
in the picture to the right?
When a change occurs to matter that does not change the composition of the matter it is called a Physical Change.

15. Properties of matter Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

16. Properties of matter – key question
How can physical changes be classified?
Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

17. Mixtures – Pogil time Classification of Matter
Groups of two or three (pull your desks together)
Listen, read and follow all instructions carefully!!
Raise your hand when you reach teacher check points.
Be prepared for discussion

18. 2.2 mixtures – key questions
How can mixtures be classified?
How can mixtures be separated?

19. Mixtures What is a mixture?
A physical blend of two or more components.

20. mixtures Mixtures can be classified into two different types.
Homogeneous – uniform throughout
Heterogeneous – is not uniform throughout

21. mixtures Phases – This is a multi-use term.
In terms of mixtures a phase describes any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties. Homogeneous mixtures consist of one phase and heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more phases.
In terms of a single substance (such as water) a phase can describe the different states of matter a substance can exist as.

23. Mixtures – Key Question
How can mixtures be classified?
Based on the distribution of their components, mixtures can be classified as heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures.

24. Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated based on the physical properties of their components.
Filtration – solid particles in a solution can be separated from the liquid by pouring the solution through a filter. The filters pores are small and the solid can not pass through.
Distillation – liquids can be heated and allowed to vaporize. The vapor travels through a condenser (tube surrounded by cold water) the vapor condenses and is collected in a separate flask. Solids remain in the original flask. Sometimes liquids with higher vaporization points remain in the original flask.

26. Mixtures – key question
How can mixtures be separated?
Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.

27. Separations of mixtures lab
Criterion B Assigned _______________ Due _______________
Criterion C Assigned _______________ Due _______________
REFER TO THE RUBRICS!!!!!!

28. 2.3 elements and compounds – key questions
How are elements and compounds different?
How can substances and mixtures be distinguished?
What do chemists use to represent elements and compounds?
Why is the periodic table useful?

29. Elements and compounds
Substances can be classified as elements or compounds.
Elements are the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Compounds is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

30. Elements and compounds Key question
How are elements and compounds different?
Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannot.

31. Elements and compounds
When we looked at mixtures you saw that mixtures can be separated by physical means.
Compounds cannot be separated by physical means. It requires a chemical change to separate a compound.
Chemical change is a change that produces matter with different composition than the original matter.

32. Elements and compounds
Properties of compounds
The properties of compounds are different than the properties of the individual components.

34. Elements and compounds key question
How can substances and mixtures be distinguished?
If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance. If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture.

35. Elements and compounds
A chemical symbol is used to represent the different elements.
First letter always capitalizes
Second letter is always lower case.
A combination of symbols used together make up a chemical formula which is used to represent a compound.
Subscripts are used next to each chemical symbol to indicate how many of each element is used (no subscript means only 1)
H2O, NaCl, H2O2, K3PO4

36. Elements and compounds key question
What do chemist use to represent elements and compounds?
Chemists use chemical symbols to represent elements, and chemical formulas to represent compounds.

37. Elements and compounds
The symbols used to represent elements are organized into a special table called the periodic table.
Elements are organized in the periodic table into groups based on a set of repeating properties.
Horizontal rows are called periods.
Vertical columns are called groups.

38. Elements and compounds key question
Why is a periodic table useful?
The periodic table allows you to easily compare the properties of one element (or a group of elements) to another element (or group of elements).

39. 2.4 chemical reactions key questions
What always happens during a chemical change?
What are four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place?
How are the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products of a chemical reaction related?

40. Chemical reactions
The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change is called a chemical property.
Words such as burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode and corrode usually signify a chemical change.
During a chemical change, the composition of the matter always changes.

41. Chemical reactions key question
What always happens during a chemical change?
During a chemical change, the composition of matter always changes.

42. Chemical reactions
A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.
One or more substances change into one or more new substances.
A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.
One or more substances change into one or more new substances.

43. Chemical reactions
How do you know a chemical reaction is taking place?
Production of a gas
Color change
Formation of a precipitate (a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture)
Transfer of energy

44. Chemical reactions key questions
What are four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place?
Possible clues to chemical change include a transfer of energy, a change in color, the precipitation of a gas, or the formation of a precipitate.

45. Chemical reactions Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass cannot be created or destroyed.
In physical and chemical changes your starting mass is equal to the ending mass.
During any chemical reaction the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.

46. Chemical reactions key question
How are the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products of a chemical reaction related?
During any chemical reaction the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.