1. Mixtures and Solutions

2. Mixtures and Solutions
A mixture is a combination
of two or more components that
are NOT chemically combined,
and retain their identities.
Mixtures can be physically separated. The identities of the substances DO NOT change.
A homogeneous mixture is also called a
solution.

3. Mixtures
When a mixture’s components are easily recognizable, such as pizza, it is called a heterogeneous mixture.
In a homogeneous mixture such
as chocolate milk, the component particles cannot be distinguished,
even though they still retain their
original properties.

4. Mixtures Common Techniques for Separating Mixtures
Distillation – separates a mixture based on boiling points of the component.
Examples :
saltwater
crude oil into gasoline and kerosene
Magnet – separates iron from other objects.
Centrifuge – spins and separates according to densities.

5. Solutions
A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other.
A solution may be liquid, gaseous, or solid.
Examples of solutions
Liquid - seawater
Gas - air
Solid - alloys

6. Solutions Dissolving – The process in which
particles of substances separate and
spread evenly amongst each other.
Solute – substance that is dissolved. A solute is
soluble, or able to dissolve.
A substance that is insoluble is unable to
dissolve, forms a mixture that is not
homogeneous, and therefore NOT a solution.
Solvent – substance in which solute is dissolved.

7. Solubility
The solubility of a solute is the amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution using a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature.
Solubility is usually expressed in grams of solute per 100 ml of solvent (g/100ml)
Three (3) methods that affect solubility
Mixing, stirring, or shaking
Heating
Crushing or grinding

8. Suspension A mixture in which particles of
a material are dispersed through-
out a liquid or gas but are large
enough that they settle out.
Particles are insoluble, so they DO NOT dissolve in the liquid or gas.
Particles can be separated using a filter.
Examples:
Salad dressing
Medicines that say
“shake well before use”

9. Colloids
A mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out.
Made up of solids, liquids and gases.
Examples :
Mayonnaise
Stick deodorant
milk

10. Heterogeneous and homogeneous refer to mixtures of materials in chemistry. The difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures is the degree at which the materials are mixed together.

11. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
Homogeneous mixtures: air, blood, saturated sugar water

12. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties. Heterogeneous mixtures: rocks, oil and water, soup, pizza