1. Literary Devices

2. What are literary devices
What are literary devices? Literary devices are techniques writers use to engage their readers beyond the literal meaning of the text.

3. Alliteration Repetition of the same beginning sound in a sequence.
Examples :
Drew drew Drew
Reshetar rides rollercoasters
drowning in debt
a sea of sea shells

4. Hyperbole
A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect.
An extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally.
Examples:
I waited an eternity for summer to get here!
He could have slept for a year.
This book weighs a ton.
Listen to the hyperbole of the next poem by Jack Prelutsky.

5. Imagery
Descriptive words or phrases that appeal to the 5 senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell- creating a picture in the reader’s mind.
What is the mental picture or image you are left with after reading the passage from “The Most Dangerous Game”

6. “He leaped upon the rail and balanced himself there, to get greater elevation; his pipe, striking a rope, was knocked from his mouth. He lunged for it; a short, hoarse cry came from his lips as he realized he had reached too far and had lost his balance. The cry was pinched off short as the blood-warm waters of the Caribbean Sea closed over his head.” “He struggle up to the surface and tried to cry out, but the wash from the speeding yacht slapped him in the face and the salt water in his open mouth made him gag.” “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell
Imagery

7. Metaphor
A figure of speech in which two things are compared, usually by saying one thing is another, or by substituting a more descriptive word for the more common or usual word that would be expected.
Examples :
the world's a stage
he was a lion in battle
drowning in debt
a sea of troubles.

8. metaphor God looked around His garden And saw an empty space
He then looked down upon this Earth
And saw your tired face
He knew that you were suffering
He knew you were in pain
He knew that you would never
Get well on Earth again
He knew the roads were getting rough
The mountains hard to climb
So he puts his arms around you and
Whispered Peace be Thine
He closed your weary eyelids
And lifted you for rest
This garden must be beautiful
He only takes the best
Written by an anonymous teenager.
metaphor

9. Onomatopoeia
A figure of speech in which words are used to imitate sounds.
Examples :
crash
buzz
quack
zoom

10. Personification
A figure of speech in which things or ideas are given human attributes.
Examples :
Dead leaves dance in the wind
Blind justice
Winter wrapped her cold fingers around me

11. Repetition
A word or line that is repeated, usually to evoke an emotion or create a rhythm.

12. “There were so many important moments
“There were so many important moments. If I’d missed the ticket, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t gone to the show, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t stuck around to see what Steve was up to, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t stolen Madam Octa, I wouldn’t be here. If I’d said no to Mr. Crepsley’s offer, I wouldn’t be here.
A world of “ifs”, but it made no difference. What was done was done. If I could go back in time…” ~Cirque Du Freak by Darren Shan
Repetition

13. Simile
A figure of speech in which two things are compared using the word “like” or “as”.
Examples :
She felt like a wilted flower.
The boy charged in the room like a bull!
This class is like a 3 ring circus!

14. SimiLe Kenn Nesbitt The aliens have landed!
It’s distressing, but they’re here.
They piloted their flying saucer
Through our atmosphere.
They landed like a meteor
Engulfed in smoke and flame.
Then out they climbed immersed in slime
And burbled as they came.
Their hands are greasy tentacles.
Their heads are weird machines.
Their bodies look like cauliflower
And smell like dead sardines.
Their blood is liquid helium.
Their eyes are made of granite.
Their breath exudes the stench of foods
From some unearthly planet.
And if you want to see these
Sickly, unattractive creatures,
You’ll find them working in your school;
They all got jobs as teachers!
SimiLe
Kenn Nesbitt

15. Pun: The use of a word in a way that plays on its different meanings
Pun: The use of a word in a way that plays on its different meanings. Example: Noticing the bunch of bananas, the hungry gorilla went ape. I recently spent money on detergent to unclog my kitchen sink. It was money down the drain.

16. Characterization
Characterization in literature refers the step by step process wherein an author introduces and then describes a character. The character can be described directly by the author or indirectly through the actions, thoughts, and speech of the character. Example: Michael Corleone was not jus' a mafiaso, but a family man. A man who walked the knife's edge to preserve his sanity.

17. tone
The tone of a literary work is the perspective or attitude that the author adopts with regards to a specific character, place or development. Tone can portray a variety of emotions ranging from solemn, grave, and critical to witty, wry and humorous. Tone helps the reader determine the writer’s feelings towards a particular topic and this in turn influences the reader’s understanding of the story. Example: In her Harry Potter series, author J.K. Rowling has taken an extremely positive, inspiring and uplifting tone towards the idea of love and devotion

18. theme
The theme is the lesson or moral that the author wants the reader to take away from the story. The theme links all aspects of the literary work with one another and is basically the main subject. THEME IS A STATEMENT Example: One theme in the play Romeo and Juliet was “love makes people do crazy things”.

19. Symbolism:. The use of one thing to represent another
Symbolism: The use of one thing to represent another. Example: A dove is a symbol of peace.
The donkey symbolizes The elephant symbolize The flag
the Democratic Party the Republican Party represents
freedom.

20. Idiom
Idioms are phrases or expressions that have hidden meanings. The expressions don't mean exactly what the words say. NOT LITERAL
The language peculiar to a people or to a district, community, or class : dialect
Example:
It’s raining cats and dogs.
Things got a little out of hand.
Does the cat have your tongue.

21. Irony
Verbal- Language that conveys a certain idea by saying just the opposite.
Example: sarcasm
Situational- when the opposite of what is expected happens
Example: You beg your parents to let you have a kitten, then you dis­cover you’re deathly aller­gic to them.
Dramatic- when the reader know something that the character does not know

22. Allusion
Reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing that is known from mythology, the bible, culture, or history
Examples:
"Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities".

23. Paradox A seeming contradiction. Examples:
“It was the best of times. It was the worst of times.”
“You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.”
“Be cruel to be kind.”-from Hamlet by Shakespeare
"Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again."
(C.S. Lewis to his godchild, Lucy Barfield, to whom he dedicated The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe)

24. Satire Most political cartoons in newspapers and magazines
A work that makes fun of something or someone.
Examples:
“Weekend Update” from Saturday Night Live
Most political cartoons in newspapers and magazines