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Size and Mass in the Universe

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Presentation on theme: "Size and Mass in the Universe"— Presentation transcript:

1 Size and Mass in the Universe
Mass Kilograms Distance Meters Time Seconds Size and Mass

2 Planetary Dimensions Power Size Scale (km) 0 20 City
City to City Continent or Planetary Satellite Planet Size and Mass

3 The Terrestrial Planets
The Solar System The Terrestrial Planets Diameter Mass km Earth 1023kg Distance Mercury 4877 0.38 3.3 0.06 0.39 Venus 12104 0.95 48.7 0.82 0.72 12756 1.00 59.7 Mars 6794 0.53 6.4 0.11 1.52 Size and Mass

4 The Solar System The Jovian Planets Diameter Mass km Earth 1023kg
Distance Jupiter 142984 11.2 18988 318 5.20 Saturn 120536 9.45 5685 95.2 9.55 Uranus 51180 4.01 866 14.5 19.2 Neptune 49528 3.88 1028 17.2 30.1 Pluto 2372 0.18 0.2 0.003 39.5 Size and Mass

5 Montage Size and Mass

6 Alternately Size and Mass

7 Distances in Kilometers
In the Solar System Moving Towards The Sun Distances in Kilometers Power Size Scale ,000 Planet - Satellite Separation Earth-Moon: km Speed of Light= km/s ,000,000 Somewhere in interplanetary space ,000,000 Venus or Mars ,000,000 Past the Sun AU = 149,000,000 km AU = 8 light minutes Size and Mass

8 The Sun is an “Average” Star
The Size of The Sun The Sun is an “Average” Star Angular Size: About 1/2 a degree (30 minutes) Angular Sizes depend on distance The angular size of the Moon is about the same as the Sun but are they the same physical size? Solar diameter = 1,400,000 km Lunar diameter = 3476 km Therefore the Sun must be /3476 = 403 times further away than the Moon! Solar diameter = 4.7 light seconds Earth’s diameter = 12,756 km = light seconds Earth-Moon Separation = 384,400 km = 1.28 light seconds Size and Mass

9 Angular Size Size and Mass

10 The Size of Stars Type Diameter km AU Neutron 20 White Dwarf 2000
A Vast Range Type Diameter km AU Neutron 20 White Dwarf 2000 Solar Type 1,400,000 0.009 Giant 14,000,000 0.09 Supergiant 140,000,000 0.99 Size and Mass

11 Mass Mass of the Earth = 6(10^24) kg
Mass of Jupiter = 318 * Mass of Earth Jupiter = 1.9 (10^27) kg Total Mass of the Planets ~ 447 * Mass of Earth Sun’s Mass = 2(10^30) kg = 746 * Total Planetary Mass Jupiter = mass of Sun Earth = 2.99(10^-6) mass of Sun Stars range from about 100 to 0.1 times the mass of the Sun. Size and Mass

12 Distances in Astronomical Units
To The Nearest Stars Distances in Astronomical Units Earth-Sun Distance Saturn Nearby Interstellar Space Pluto is at 37 AU ,000 Interstellar Space ,000 Interstellar Space ,000 Interstellar Space - About /2 way to the nearest star! 13 1,000,000 Into the region of nearby stars Size and Mass

13 Distances in Parsecs = 206265 AU
Interstellar Space Distances in Parsecs = AU About the distance to the nearest star. Typical of distances between individual stars 1 pc = 3(10^13)km. Diameter of Sun = 1.4(10^6) km. Mean separation of stars = 2(10^7) times their diameter. Into nearby Interstellar space Interstellar Space - Thickness of galactic disk is of order pc. Molecular clouds (star forming regions) are also of order 100 pc. Large star clusters are of order this size. Size and Mass

14 Distances in Parsecs = 3.26 ly
Nearby Galaxies Distances in Parsecs = 3.26 ly 15 1,000 Interstellar Space 16 10,000 Distance to galactic center~30,000 ly! The Sun is at a radius of about 2/3 of the Milky Way's radius ==> Galactic Radius is about 15,000 pc (Diameter = 30000) pc. ,000 Twice the distance to the nearest galaxies (the Large and Small Magellanic clouds at about 50,000 pc) Size and Mass

15 The Local Group 18 1,000,000 Beyond the Andromeda Galaxy
Distances in Parsecs 18 1,000,000 Beyond the Andromeda Galaxy Well into the Local Group of galaxies (a small group of about 20+ galaxies). The nearest large galaxy is Andromeda. Typical large galaxy separation is about 20 times their radius -very different from stars. Size and Mass

16 The Local Group Size and Mass

17 Distances in MegaParsecs
The Realm of Galaxies Distances in MegaParsecs The Local Group Intergalactic Space The realm of clusters of Galaxies Superclusters billion ly ==> a “lookback” time of 3.26 billion years. The age of the Universe is <14 billion years. The Galaxy about billion years. We cannot go another factor of 10! Size and Mass

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