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Sedra/Smith Microelectronic Circuits 5/e
11/22/2018 PowerPoint Overheads for Sedra/Smith Microelectronic Circuits 5/e ©2004 Oxford University Press.
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11/22/2018 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. ISBN 0–19–517267–1 Printing number: Printed in the United States of America 2
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Introduction to Electronics
11/22/2018 Introduction to Electronics 3
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Figure 1.1 Two alternative representations of a signal source: (a) the Thévenin form, and (b) the Norton form. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.2 An arbitrary voltage signal vs(t).
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Figure 1.3 Sine-wave voltage signal of amplitude Va and frequency f = 1/T Hz. The angular frequency v = 2pf rad/s. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.4 A symmetrical square-wave signal of amplitude V.
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Figure 1.5 The frequency spectrum (also known as the line spectrum) of the periodic square wave of Fig. 1.4. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.6 The frequency spectrum of an arbitrary waveform such as that in Fig. 1.2.
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Figure 1.7 Sampling the continuous-time analog signal in (a) results in the discrete-time signal in (b). Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.8 Variation of a particular binary digital signal with time.
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Figure 1.9 Block-diagram representation of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
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Figure 1. 10 (a) Circuit symbol for amplifier
Figure (a) Circuit symbol for amplifier. (b) An amplifier with a common terminal (ground) between the input and output ports. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure (a) A voltage amplifier fed with a signal vI(t) and connected to a load resistance RL. (b) Transfer characteristic of a linear voltage amplifier with voltage gain Av. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.12 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies (shown as batteries) for operation.
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Figure 1.13 An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for output saturation.
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Figure (a) An amplifier transfer characteristic that shows considerable nonlinearity. (b) To obtain linear operation the amplifier is biased as shown, and the signal amplitude is kept small. Observe that this amplifier is operated from a single power supply, VDD. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure A sketch of the transfer characteristic of the amplifier of Example 1.2. Note that this amplifier is inverting (i.e., with a gain that is negative). Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.16 Symbol convention employed throughout the book.
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Figure 1. 17 (a) Circuit model for the voltage amplifier
Figure (a) Circuit model for the voltage amplifier. (b) The voltage amplifier with input signal source and load. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.18 Three-stage amplifier for Example 1.3.
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Figure (a) Small-signal circuit model for a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). (b) The BJT connected as an amplifier with the emitter as a common terminal between input and output (called a common-emitter amplifier). (c) An alternative small-signal circuit model for the BJT. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure E1.20 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1. 20 Measuring the frequency response of a linear amplifier
Figure Measuring the frequency response of a linear amplifier. At the test frequency v, the amplifier gain is characterized by its magnitude (Vo/Vi) and phase f. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1. 21 Typical magnitude response of an amplifier
Figure Typical magnitude response of an amplifier. |T(v)| is the magnitude of the amplifier transfer function—that is, the ratio of the output Vo(v) to the input Vi(v). Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.22 Two examples of STC networks: (a) a low-pass network and (b) a high-pass network.
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Figure 1.23 (a) Magnitude and (b) phase response of STC networks of the low-pass type.
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Figure 1.24 (a) Magnitude and (b) phase response of STC networks of the high-pass type.
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Figure 1.25 Circuit for Example 1.5.
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Figure Frequency response for (a) a capacitively coupled amplifier, (b) a direct-coupled amplifier, and (c) a tuned or bandpass amplifier. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.27 Use of a capacitor to couple amplifier stages.
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Figure E1.23 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.28 A logic inverter operating from a dc supply VDD.
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Figure 1. 29 Voltage transfer characteristic of an inverter
Figure Voltage transfer characteristic of an inverter. The VTC is approximated by three straightline segments. Note the four parameters of the VTC (VOH, VOL, VIL, and VIH) and their use in determining the noise margins (NMH and NML). Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.30 The VTC of an ideal inverter.
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Figure (a) The simplest implementation of a logic inverter using a voltage-controlled switch; (b) equivalent circuit when vI is low; and (c) equivalent circuit when vI is high. Note that the switch is assumed to close when vI is high. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure A more elaborate implementation of the logic inverter utilizing two complementary switches. This is the basis of the CMOS inverter studied in Section 4.10. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure Another inverter implementation utilizing a double-throw switch to steer the constant current IEE to RC1 (when vI is high) or RC2 (when vI is low). This is the basis of the emitter-coupled logic (ECL) studied in Chapters 7 and 11. Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure Example 1.6: (a) The inverter circuit after the switch opens (i.e., for t 0). (b) Waveforms of vI and vO. Observe that the switch is assumed to operate instantaneously. vO rises exponentially, starting at VOL and heading toward VOH . Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure 1.35 Definitions of propagation delays and transition times of the logic inverter.
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Figure P1.6 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.10 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.14 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.15 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.16 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.17 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.18 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.37 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.58 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.63 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.65 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.67 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.68 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.72 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.77 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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Figure P1.79 Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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11/22/2018 Table 1.1 The Four Amplifier Types
Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith
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