1. Ch. 10.2 “The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration”
Essential Question:
Why were the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expeditions significant for the United States?

2. Vocabulary
Louisiana Purchase – 1803 The purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France.
Meriwether Lewis – Co-leader of the expedition trained in geography, mineralogy, and astronomy.
William Clark – Co-leader of the expedition trained in fort building, cartography (map making) and in leading expeditions.
Lewis & Clark Expedition – A group who explored the lands of the Louisiana Purchase.

3. Vocabulary
Sacagawea – Shoshone woman who used language skills and knowledge of geography to assist with the expedition.
Zebulon Pike – 1806 Leader of expedition to explore the southern part of the Louisiana Purchase.

4. Focus Questions
1. Which foreign nations claimed areas of the Pacific Coast Region of present day U.S., and what areas did they claim?
2. How did Napoleon obtain the Port of New Orleans, and what were his plans for the port?
3. Which threats almost brought America to the brink of war?
4. What did President Jefferson offer to avoid a war with France?

5. Focus Questions
5. What 3 reasons motivated Napoleon to sell all of the Louisiana Territory to the United States?
6. What was approved by Congress for 15 million dollars on April 30, 1803?
7. What qualifications did Lewis and Clark have, and what was Sacagawea’s role in the expedition?
8. What valuable information was gained by the Lewis & Clark Expedition?
9. What area did Zebulon Pike explore, and what information was gained by his expedition?

6. The West in 1800
In 1800 the “West” meant the area between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River
Several U.S. territories soon declared statehood. Kentucky and Tennessee became states by 1800.
Ohio became a state in 1803.
The Pacific Coast region and the Oregon country attracted increasing attention.
In California, Spain had 21 missions from San Diego to San Francisco.
Russian settlements just north of San Francisco could be found all the way to Alaska. Great Britain also claimed land in this region.

7. The West in 1800
As you know, Spain controlled the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans.
The port was originally controlled by France. After the French and Indian War, France turned over the Louisiana Territory – including the Port of New Orleans, to Spain.
In a secret treaty in 1800, Spain returned the Louisiana Territory and port to Napoleon of France.
He planned to colonize the American territory with French Colonies!

8. The West in 1800
The threats to the free navigation of the Mississippi River and the use of the port at New Orleans, brought America to the brink of war!
Angry Westerners in America called for war against both Spain and France.
President Jefferson, trying to avoid war, offered to buy New Orleans from France.

9. The War in the 1800
Jefferson received a surprising offer back from Napoleon….. He asked if the United States wanted to buy not only New Orleans, but the entire Louisiana Territory which was larger than the United States at that time!

10. The Louisiana Purchase
What motivated Napoleon to offer the sale of all of the Louisiana Territory?
He was alarmed by America’s fierce determination to keep the Port of New Orleans open.
A French Colony in the West Indies Islands suffered a revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture a man who freed slaves and put himself in charge of the island. France suffered great losses from this revolt.
The war between France and Great Britain was very costly, and Napoleon valued American money more than the land.

11. The Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson was thrilled with Napoleon’s offer!
On April 30, 1803 , the Louisiana Purchase - the purchase of the Louisiana territory from France was approved for $15 million –about 3 cents per acre!
The purchase doubled the size of the United States.
Americans knew very little about the territory

13. Lewis and Clark Explore
Since 1802, President Jefferson planned an expedition to explore the Louisiana country.
Jefferson chose a young officer Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition.
Lewis was well qualified, trained in geography, mineralogy, and astronomy. He was an expert hunter.
Meriwether Lewis chose his close friend, William Clark to select and oversee a volunteer force for the expedition.
William Clark, was skilled at building forts, drawing maps, and leading expeditions.

14. The Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark set out in the summer of 1803, on the Lewis and Clark Expedition – trip to explore the Northern Louisiana territory.
By winter, they reached St Louis, located on the western bank of the Mississippi River.
St Louis was just a sleepy town with 180 houses! It would become the gateway to the West.
The expedition stayed in St Louis for the winter.

15. The Lewis and Clark Expedition
In March 1804, the American flag flew over St Louis for the first time.
In May 1804, the explorers and 40 others set out from St Louis heading up the Missouri River.
By October of 1804, they reached what is present day North Dakota.

16. The Lewis and Clark Expedition
In the spring of 1805, Sacagawea ,a Shoshone Indian woman with her husband and baby joined Lewis and Clark.
Sacagawea possessed language skills and a knowledge of geography which was of great value to Lewis and Clark.
When the expedition approached the Rocky Mountains, they were on Shoshone land.
Because of Sacagawea, the chief traded horses to Lewis and Clark.
The Shoshone helped the expedition cross the Rocky Mountains.

18. The Lewis and Clark Expedition
In November of 1805, over 2 years after the expedition began, they reached the Pacific coast.
They spent the winter and then returned to St Louis.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition brought back a wealth of scientific and geographic information.
They also learned that an all water route across the continent did not exist.

20. Pikes Expedition
Lewis and Clark explored the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase.
In 1806, an expedition led by Zebulon Pike - left St. Louis on a southerly route.
Pike’s mission was to find the sources of the Arkansas and Red Rivers.
Pikes’ party of two dozen men headed westward across the Great Plains.
When they reached the Arkansas River, they followed it toward the Rocky Mountains.

22. Pikes Expedition
Pike saw the Rocky Mountain peak which would later bear his name – Pike’s Peak.
He failed in his attempt to climb it, so they turned south hoping to find the Red River.
Instead, they found the Rio Grande River! Unfortunately they were in Spanish territory!
See chart on page 323 valuable information gained from exploration.

23. Pike’s Expedition The expedition was arrested by Spanish troops!
They were later released, and returned to the United States.
Although they never found the Red River, they came back with valuable information about the Great Plains and the Rio Grande River.