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The Reading and Writing Process
Nichelle Puder/Kimberly Koledoye INRW 0420 Houston Community College System
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How To Be a Critical Reader and Engage the Text When Reading?
1st – Have Your Tools Pencil Highlighter Attitude Curious Questioning Investigative (Don’t Accept Everything You Read As The Truth)
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How To Be a Critical Reader and Engage the Text When Reading?
2nd – Engaging the Text Highlighting the Text Carefully 3rd – Annotating Comments in the Margin
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Preview (Before You Read A Textbook)
Analyze the Purpose of the Reading Assignment Adjust Reading Speed to Suit Information Purpose Read the Title and Subtitles Write Questions About the Text Turn Major Headings into Questions. Using Questions that begin with What, Why, or How are Most Useful
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Preview (Before You Read A Textbook
Read the Introduction or the First Paragraph Read Bold or Italicized Text Read the Sentence Under Each Heading If a Heading Is Not Given, Read the First Sentence of Each of a Few Paragraphs on Each Page Identify Graphics (Charts, Maps, Photographs) Read the Summary
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Preview (Before You Read)
Article Literary Work Author and Publication Facts The Title Headings and Subheadings 1st and Last Paragraph to Skim The Thesis/Main Idea Support for Thesis/Main Idea Purpose/Theme Characters Plot Setting Point-of-View Symbols Style/Tone
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While You Read a Textbook
Predict What Will Happen Next Visualize What Is Happening Answer Your Questions Monitor Your Understanding – Metacognition Consult Another Source Summarize Sections Determine Meaning of Unknown Words
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While You Read A Literary Work or Article
The Thesis or Theme Support of Thesis or Theme Patterns of Organization Paragraph Indications Transitional Expressions Unfamiliar Words
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When Problems Occur When Reading
Analyze the Time and Place Where You Are Reading Rephrase Each Paragraph In Your Own Words Read Aloud Sentences/Sections of Difficulty Reread Difficult/Complicated Sections Slow Down Reading Rate Write a Brief Outline of Major Points Highlight Key Ideas
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Making Sense of Unfamiliar Words (During and After Reading)
Pronounce the Word Try to Figure Out the Word From Its Context – Words and Sentences Around the Unfamiliar Word Look for Parts of the Word that are Familiar Mark It and Keep Reading Unless the Sentence Does Not Make Sense Without Looking It Up Record Unfamiliar Words in Vocabulary Log Notebook or Word File – See page 24 – In Concert (Analyzing Words)
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Review (After You Read a Textbook, Literary Work, or Article)
Review What You Read Reflect on the Reading Make Connections and Comparisons React to the Text Literary Work or Article Reflect on Highlighted and Annotated Sentences and Passages Be Open To Reading It Again
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The Writing Process Getting Started
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Analyze Your Assignment
Time Restraints (In or Out of Class) Sources Library Interviewing Purpose What Is My Reason For Writing? Audience Who Am I Writing To? Tone What Kind of Impression Should My Writing Give?
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Analyze Your Assignment Cont.
Point-of-View What side of the story should I tell? First Person: I, me, my. Second Person: You, Yours, We, Us, Our Third Person (Academic): He, She, It, They, Names, Nouns
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A Second Look At Purpose Persuade Inform Entertain
Express Feelings and Attitudes Analyze Debate Criticize Define Compare/Contrast Narrate/Describe Amuse Academic Audience Expects: Correct Information Standard Grammar and Spelling Logical Presentation of Ideas Stylistic Fluency (Word Choice and Sentence Structure) Define Terms and Support Generalizations with Specifics Express Thoughts Clearly and Accurately
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Choose a Topic and Prewrite
Focused Free writing 5-15 Minutes of Concentrated, Nonstop Writing about Your Topic. Then, Review What You Have Written. Listing or Brainstorming A Way of Listing Information About Your Topic.
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Choosing Topic/Prewriting Cont.
Clustering Asking Journalistic Questions (5Ws and H) (Who, What, Why, Where, When, and How Discuss With a Partner
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Narrow Your Topic Through Previous Prewriting
Clustering and Listing Work Well
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Plan – Focus On a Main Idea Map Out an Approach
Thesis Statement The Central Point the Essay Supports More Than a Title, a Statement of Fact, or an Announcement Carefully Worded and Accurately Predicts Your Essay’s Direction, Emphasis, and Scope Clustering Outlying Formal Informal
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Write – Draft the Essay Introduction and Thesis
Start Where You Think Your Writing Is Going to Be Productive If Need Be Skip the Introduction and Return To It Later Use the Thesis As Your Guide Body Paragraphs and Conclusion Remember to Include Topic Sentence Support Through Examples and Details Order Organization/Transitional Words and Phases Strong Conclusion
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Revise Re-See What You Have Written Look For Major Improvements In
Content Enlarging or narrowing the thesis. Adding more examples or cutting irrelevant ones. Organization Reorganizing Points Changing Paragraph Order
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Edit Check Grammar Word Choice Spelling Punctuation Mechanics
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