1. Engineering Surveying
Civil Engineering & Architecture
Unit 4 Site Planning

2. Civil Projects

3. Telescoping Leveling Rods
Philadelphia Rod

4. Reading the Rod
3.09 feet
2.90 feet
2.84 feet

5. Reading the Rod Your Turn
4.68 feet
4.49 feet
4.26 feet

6. Instruments
Transit
Auto Level
Total Station

7. Tripod

8. Auto Level

9. Set up and Stabilize Tripod

10. Attach Instrument to Tripod

11. Leveling the Instrument

12. Sighting the Instrument

13. Stadia and Crosshairs
Top Stadia
Bottom Stadia

14. Surveyor’s Field Notes

15. Taking Readings Have Assistant hold the rod vertically
Focus the Eyepiece
Stadia over the Rod Markings
Take readings at the Top and the Bottom Stadias and the Crosshair. Record data in Surveyor’s Field Book
Top Stadia
Bottom Stadia

16. Terms 1 Benchmark (BM): a permanent, marked point of known elevation
Temporary Benchmark (TBM): a semi- permanent point of established elevation used on the specific job
Point of Reference (POR): Either the benchmark or the Temporary Benchmark chosen for this job

17. Terms 2
Turning Point (TP): A point temporarily used to transfer an elevation
Backsight (BS): A rod reading taken on a point of elevation (POR) in order to establish the height of the instrument
Height of Instrument (HI): The elevation of the line of sight through the level

18. Terms 3
Foresight (FS): A rod reading taken from a turning point, or a point of reference to an identified point to establish elevation

19. Approximating Angles

20. Record Keeping

21. Data Record

22. Calculating Elevations
Mathematical Relationships for Elevation:
HI = BS + Elevation at POR
Elevation TP 1 = HI - FS

23. Calculating Elevations

24. Horizontal Distance Using Stadia
ONLY AN APPROXIMATION!
Horizontal distance = (Top Stadia – Bottom Stadia) x Stadia Ratio
Horizontal Distance Using Stadia
Distance from POR to TP = ( ) x 100 = 58 ft
Distance from TP to TP1 = ( )x100 = 64 ft