1. APUSH REVIEW UNIT 6
1865 TO 1898
MR. LIPMAN

2. KEY THEMES Modernization & Laissez-Faire Immigration vs. Native Born
Grange Movement
Populist Party
The Gilded Age and Robber Barons
Gospel of Wealth (social gospel movement)
The Rise of Political Corruption
Tammany Hall
Labors growth and clash with business
Rise of Jim Crow Segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson

3. President Grant Administration deals with 4 major corruption scandals 1. Gold Market 2. Railroads 3. Whiskey Ring 4. Indian Lands

4. Corruption not limited to Federal Government Boss Tweed is finally stopped by N.Y. Times investigation

5. American farmers in the Midwest most hurt by railroad abuses
Depression in 1870s brings protests
Farmers organized into groups like the Grange Movement and worked with state legislatures to regulate railroads, reducing prices, so railroads sued in Federal Court
1886 – Wabash v. Illinois
Supreme Court ruled that states could not regulate interstate (between states) commerce

6. 1st time Fed Government attempts to regulate a portion of the economy
1887 – Interstate Commerce Act passed by Congress {pushed after Wabash case}
Prohibited rebates and pools
Required railroads to publish rates openly
Stopped discrimination against shippers
Can’t charge more for short than long hauls
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) set up to enforce the law
1st time Fed Government attempts to regulate a portion of the economy

7. Cleveland believed government should keep its hands off business affairs (laissez-faire)
“Though the people support the government, the government should not support the people.” (Cleveland)
He would veto many Civil War pension bills
He is the only Democratic President between 1860 and

8. Andrew Carnegie was king of steel: Scottish immigrant who rose from poverty to wealth and then gave almost all away Gospel of Wealth

9. What a Puny Little Government

10. POPULATION GROWTH
Massive immigration in 1880s and 1890s includes large Chinese immigration bringing laws to exclude
Immigrants flood cities leading to the power of political machines and corruption at all levels of government

11. Looking Backward

12. Bad $ Times bring Discontent
1892 – People’s Party (Populists) emerged
Grew out of Farmers’ Alliance and they want:
unlimited coinage of silver (16 to 1 ratio) “inflation”
Graduated income tax (progressive tax)
Gov’t ownership of railroads, telegraph and telephone
Direct election of US senators
1-term limit for president
Adoption of initiative and referendum procedures
Shorter workday
Immigration restriction

13. Farmers and the 4 D’s Grangers get states to help them
(Debt, Drought, Deflation, Depression)
State laws passed to regulate R.R. rates and fees from grain elevators and warehouses
State laws overturned by Supreme Court
Wabash v. Illinois (1886) – states had no power to regulate interstate commerce; only Congress could do that
Grange movement faded as laws stricken

14. “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”