1. Ming & Qing Dynasties

2. Ming Dynasty

3. Ming Dynasty
The end of the Yuan saw rapid inflation, corruption of the Tibetan clergy who controlled the Chinese clergy and interfered in political affairs, and rebellions of the exploited Chinese population against Mongol and other foreign officials.
One of the rebellions attracted the poor monk Zhu Yuanzhang ( ) who later became the head of a rebel army and successfully fought against the Mongols as well as other contenders for power. He founded the Ming dynasty and became known as Emperor Hongwu.

4. Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Founded by a peasant, Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398)
aka Emperor Hongwu

5. Hongwu Led revolt against the Yuan Dynasty Paranoid by end of rule
Creates laws to improve peasant lives
Didn’t encourage trade
Strict Confucian
Increases status of military/ strengthens the military
Centralizes government- eliminates high officials and replaces with mandarins and eunuchs

6. Yonglo (The Yongle Emperor): Hongwu’s son
Moves the capital to Beijing
Launches exploration
7 voyages under Zheng He, Muslim Admiral
1st in 1405
Voyages end due to influence of officials worried about barbarians to the north and cost
1433 China withdrawals into isolation

8. Late Ming Jesuits- Matteo Ricci - 1500’s
Tries to convert Emperor Wanli
Pope and Emperor hinder efforts

9. Rise of Qing Qing- pure Qing were Manchus, not Han Chinese
17th century expansion

10. Rise of Qing 1644- control Beijing 1644-90- South China and Taiwan
Central Asia- largest country in the world
Rise of Qing

12. Qing Political Organization
Separation of Manchu and Han
All high government positions to the Manchus
No intermarriage is allowed
Han had to adopt the Manchu haircut as a sign of submission. “Queue” front and top shaved and grown long in back
Han scholar gentry still in bureaucracy
Civil Service Exams become more competitive

13. Qing Political Organization
Very Centralized Government
Emperor becomes known as “Son of Heaven”
Secluded life
“Theater State”- ritual, pomp, emphasizes glory of ruler

14. Two Important Qing Emperors
Kangxi ( )- talented general, expands empire, manages economy well
Qianlong ( )- ECONOMY!!! Cancels tax collection four times during his rule
China is well organized with an influence in most of Asia after these two emperors

15. Economy Under the Qing Based on agriculture
Intensive, high yield methods
Rice, Millet, Wheat
Enhanced by American crops by way of the Philippines- Maize, Sweet Potatoes, Peanuts
Made use of previously unusable land
Leads to population growth
Supports a large labor force and trade
Trade Chinese luxury goods for American Silver
Silk, Porcelain, Tea
Focus on human labor for production
Ignores technology in preference for human labor

16. Social Aspects of the Qing Dynasty
Increase in patriarchy during Qing
Preference for male children- exam system
Widows encouraged to commit suicide
Foot binding becomes more popular
Women can not divorce, but men can for adultery or disobedience

17. Foot Binding

18. Foot Binding