1. Interactive Notebook Setup
2/8/2018
Spanish Labor Systems Comparison
This will be one page

2. Interactive Notebook Setup
2/8/2018
Ming Dynasty and Trade
This will be one page

3. Background and Government
Chinese Exploration
Trade and Isolation

4. Background and Government
Peasant rebellion overthrew Yuan Dynasty
1368–1644
Under Ming rule China expanded into Mongolia, central Asia, and briefly to Vietnam using cannon power

6. Background and Government
The Ming Dynasty brought back the merit based bureaucracy and centralized gov of earlier dynasties
Reinstated Confucian Civil Service Exam
The Ming Dynasty is noted for implementing a much harder civil service exam than previous dynasties
Leading to better bureaucrats

7. Background and Government
Mandarin adopted as the official language of the state in order to unify
In reality to ease communication between multiple provinces that spoke many different language as Yuan control and periods of division
Supported pure form of Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism dominated state philosophy

8. Background and Government
During the Ming Dynasty the Great Wall of China was also greatly expanded
Most of what we now think of as the Great Wall of China was constructed during the Ming Dynasty

10. The Great Wall
Origins before 4th century BCE, ruins from Qin dynasty in 3rd century BCE
Rebuilt under Ming rule, 15th-16th centuries
1,550 miles, feet high
Guard towers
Room for housing soldiers

11. Background and Government
After tension and in fighting in the early years of the Ming Dynasty Yongle Emperor (Zhu Di) moved the capital of the Emperor to Beijing in early 15th Cent
He constructed a palace that would become known as the Forbidden City from
Display of Imperial power
The Forbidden City would serve as the center of Chinese government until the mid-1900’s

12. The Forbidden City
The Forbidden City covers 178 acres in Beijing – built in the 1400s (Ming Dynasty)
Maze of offices and apartments
Stately halls for official banquets, ceremonies, imperial audiences
Off-limits to commoners, hence “Forbidden City”
In 1949 the palace complex was converted to a museum and opened to the public

13. Chinese Exploration Goals:
Display prestige, wealth and superiority of Chinese civilization
Enroll distant peoples and states in the Chinese tribute system
Bring back exotic goods from foreign lands (ex: zebras, giraffes, etc.)
Exert Chinese control over foreign trade

14. Chinese Exploration Largest voyages were led by Zheng He
300 ships; 27,000 crew members; variety of different people on board
He made 7 voyages between 1405 and 1433
Established for China 20 tributary and diplomatic relations

15. Voyages of Zheng He

16. Compare Zheng Ho’s ship to Columbus’

18. Chinese Exploration
After the voyages of Zheng He the Ming began a policy of isolation regarding trade and expeditions in mid-1450’s
Based on Confucian mistrust of merchants
This likely had much to do with conflict with the Mongols and other peoples from the Asian Steppes

19. Trade and Isolation Renovated the Grand Canal
So grain could be shipped from southern to northern China
Columbian Exchange crops limited famines and increased population
Corn and Potatoes
These combined factors helped the Ming establish itself as a powerful regional force

21. Trade and Isolation
Meant that trade needed to be run exclusively through the Ming government starting in 1500
There was a great deal of illegal private trade taking place, which upset the Ming
Foreign nation had to pay tribute to China for the right to purchase costly Chinese luxury products such as silk and porcelain

22. Trade and Isolation Official exports could only occur in three ports
Some nations were barred from trading at all, while others were limited in when they could trade
Japan, for example could only enter one of the three ports and only do so every ten years
Exported Silk, Porcelain, and Ginger

25. Economics and Isolation
The Portuguese arrived in China in 1514, marking the first contact with Europe since the voyage of Marco Polo
The Portuguese sent a formal ambassador to establish official relations with China, also in 1514
The same year Portuguese trading pirates arrived and began interacting with Chinese merchants
These pirates built an illegal fort which was destroyed by the Chinese

27. Economics and Isolation
By 1557 the Chinese government granted the Portuguese trading rights on the peninsula of Macao, in the south of Canton

28. Economics and Isolation

29. Economics and Isolation
In 1565 the Spanish took control of the Philippines and had a hub to compete with Portugal for Chinese trade
Spain quickly became the dominate European power in the region

30. Trade and Isolation HUGE flow of silver into China
Especially from Spain and Japan
European nations essentially served as carriers or middlemen for Chinese goods

31. Trade and Isolation
There was much conflict among the European powers to attempt to gain favor with China
The Portuguese, Spanish, and the Dutch vied for control of Chinese exports
All three served as middlemen for trading at some point

32. Trade and Isolation
With the development of European relations China had established itself as the center of the worlds economy with goods flowing from China to rest of the world
China had little need for any of the goods created in the rest of the world, so they simply exported and stockpiled profits