1. Nathalie Schramm Tianyi Zhang
FOSSIL ENERGY SOURCES
Nathalie Schramm
Tianyi Zhang

3. Coal combustible sedimentary rock consisting mostly of carbon
mainly used as source for primary energy
large scale mining possible after invention of steam engine (early 1700’s)
highest CO2 emissions and mining releases trapped gases
World coal production fell by 6.2% (231 million tonnes) oil equivalent in 2016, largest decline on record

4. Coal
left: world coal production; Right: world coal consumption in million tonnes oil equivalent (2)

5. Coal
Proved coal reserves (3)

6. Oil various hydrocarbon compounds
gained relevance with invention of internal combustion engine
important for industrial organic chemistry
first oil refinery in 1856
90% of vehicular fuels from oil
oil quality can vary a lot

7. Oil
world oil reserves in billion barrels (1 barrel = 159 liter) (4)

8. Oil
(5)

9. Oil unconventional oil sources have higher energy consumption
US production peaked in 1960’s
today Russia, Saudi Arabia, USA top producers
80% of readily accessible reserves in Saudi Arabia
bad data transparency
Germany (2007):
54% transport
12% heating
24% chemical industry

10. Oil
oil production in million barrels per day
(6)

11. Natural gas occurs in gas fields or as by-product of oil production
in some regions flared or vented (150km³ per year)
usually pumped back underground for future market and to aid oil extraction
difficult to store and transport -> dense pipe network necessary (mostly northern hemisphere)
dangers: explosions, pollution
if 5% of natural gas leaks ≈ 40% CO2 increase
usage: heating (western industrial countries), electricity generation

12. Natural gas
Gas Total proved reserves(7)

13. Methane hydrate subgroup of natural gas
methane enclosed in water molecules
currently not safely recoverable
occurs in m depth
25 times as potent as CO2
~ 12 trillion tonnes
-> 2x the amount of carbon of oil, natural gas and coal combined

14. The future of fossil energy
(8)

15. Where does that leave us ?
fossil energy sources are finite and will run out at some point
at current extraction rate
- Coal -> year 2169
- Crude Oil -> year 2066
- Natural Gas -> year 2068

16. (9)

17. The future of coal remaining: ~1600 Gt (1 Gt = 109 t) (estimates vary)
“sustainable use”<- coal should last 1000 yrs
1 ton of coal ~= 8 kWh
standard plant ~37% efficiency -> 2,2 kWh per person and day
“clean coal” with carbon capture -> 1,6 kWh pp.
6.3 Gt per year
coal reserves broadly distributed (100 mining countries)

18. The future of oil
“peak oil” -> highest possible production rate (can never be reached again
has been predicted multiple times but new reserves or technology appeared
proven oil reserves: 1707 billion barrels
sufficient to meet 50.6 years of global production at 2016 levels
-> finding fuel replacement is a must !

19. The future of fossil energy as a whole
the world is not running out of energy but transition to sustainable energy is required in the long run
defossilizing of transportation
enviromental concerns need to be adressed :
strict requirements for coal plants
strict requirements for coal, oil and gas extraction

20. German import and production
(10)

21. German situation and goals
(11)

22. German situation and goals
(12)

23. Sources https://www.withouthotair.com/
Wikipedia (Petroleum, Natural Gas, Coal, Methane hydrate) ( )
TU Bergakademie Freiberg | Institut für ... | Professur für ... | Institutsadresse | Telefonnummer: / | | Vortragender: Max Mustermann | Veranstaltungstitel |

24. Figure sources
International Energy Agency: Energy Statistics Division 09/2015
bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2017-full-report.pptx
CIA - The World Factbook, "COUNTRY COMPARISON :: OIL - PROVED RESERVES" (2013 data)
Wikipedia, derived from one in Oilfield Review: Alboudwarej et al (Summer 2006)
U.S. Energy Information Administration

25. Figure sources
bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2017-full-report.pptx
AGEB 2016, LBEG 2016, BMU 2013
Monitoring report “Energie der Zukunft” 2016