1. Drill How has the periodic table evolved over time?
What are most of the elements on the periodic table?

2. Objective
SWBAT:
Explore periodic properties in order to investigate the periodic variation of density in Group 4A elements.

3. SAT/HSA Enrichment
The total number of d orbitals in the third principal energy level is…
1 orbital
2 orbitals
3 orbitals
5 orbitals
14 orbitals

4. Demonstration
Place a small piece of metal in a beaker of water containing phenolphthalein.
Place a different piece of metal of similar size in a second beaker of water containing phenolphthalein.

5. Demo Observation Observe the differences in the two reactions.
These two metals are located near each other on the periodic table.
Relationships in location can be predicted based on chemical properties.

6. Classifying the Elements
Similarity and Differences of Elements

7. Classifying the Elements
A coin may contain much information in a small space—its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table.

8. Squares in the Periodic Table
The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.

9. Squares in the Periodic Table
The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements.
The Group 1A elements are called alkali metals.
The Group 2A elements are called alkaline earth metals.
The nonmetals of Group 7A are called halogens.

10. Squares in the Periodic Table

11. Electron Configurations in Groups
Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations.

12. Electron Configurations in Groups
The blimp contains helium, one of the noble gases.

13. Electron Configurations in Groups
The Noble Gases
The noble gases are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below.

14. Electron Configurations in Groups
The Representative Elements
Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often referred to as representative elements because they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties.
The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled.
The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

15. Electron Configurations in Groups
In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level.

16. Electron Configurations in Groups
In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

17. Representative Elements

18. Representative Elements

19. Representative Elements

20. Transition Elements
There are two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations.

21. Transition Elements
In atoms of a transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons.
In atoms of an inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.

22. Transition Elements
Blocks of Elements

23. Conceptual Problem

24. Conceptual Problem

25. Conceptual Problem

26. Short Quiz
Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table?
color
symbol
atomic number
atomic mass

27. Short Quiz
An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level
an s2 electron.
an s1 electron.
p2 electrons.
p6 electrons.

28. Short Quiz Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled?
Ne, noble gas
Cu, transition metal
Ga, transition metal
Cl, halogen

29. Short Quiz
Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals? P d s f

30. Lab 50 min Periodic Properties Purpose:
To investigate the periodic variation of density in Group 4A elements.
50 min

31. Summary Was the objective accomplished? Explain.
What trend did you observe during your lab experiment?
How accurate was your experiment?
What may have been some sources of error?

32. Homework
Information from the Periodic Table worksheet!