1. C++ Basics

2. C++ BASICS C++ CHARACTER SET Letters A - Z, a – z Digits 0 -9
Special Symbols Space + - * / ^ \ ( ) [ ] { } = ≠ < >
. ‘ “ $ , ; : % ! & ? _ # <=
White Spaces Blank space, Horizontal tab (→)
carriage return (← ), Newline,
Form feed
Other characters C++ can process any of the 256
ASCII characters as data or as literals

3. Tokens The smallest individual unit in a program Key words Identifiers
Literals
Punctuators
Operators

4. KEYWORDS Words that convey special meaning to the language compiler
break
case
catch
char
class
const
continue
default
delete do
double
else
enum
extern
float
for
friend
goto if
inline
integer
long
new
0perator
private
protected
public
register
return
short
signed
vsizeof
static
struct
switch
template
this
throw
try
typedef
union
unsigned
virtual
void

5. IDENTIFIERS
An arbitrarily long sequence of letters and digits. The first character must be a letter: the underscore ( _) counts as a letter. Upper and lower-case letters are different. All characters are significant

6. VALID / INVALID IDENTIFIERS
DATA-REC
29CLCT
BREAK
MY.FILE
Myfile
_CHK
DATE9_7_77
MYFILE
Z2TOZ9

7. LITERALS Data items that never change their value
during a program run.
integer– constants
character–constant
floating–constant
string–constant

8. INTEGER CONSTANTS
An integer constant must have at least one digit and must not contain any decimal point. It may contain either + or - sign . A number with no sign is assumed to be positive. Commas cannot appear in an integer constant

9. TYPES OF INTEGER CONSTANT
Decimal Integer Constants (base10)
Eg. 1234, 41, +97, - 12
Octal Integer Constants (base 8)
Eg. 034, 071 etc.,( digits between 0 – 7 only)
Hexadecimal Integer Constants (base 16)
Eg. OCX etc.,

10. CHARACTER CONSTANT
It must contain one character enclosed in single quotation marks
Eg. ‘z’, ‘m’ etc.,

11. ESCAPE SEQUENCE IN C++ Escape Sequence Nongraphic Character \a
Audible Bell (alert) \b
Backspace \f
Formfeed \n
Newline or linefeed \r
Carriage Return \t
Horizontal tab \v
Vertical Tab \\
Backslash
\On
Octal number (On represents the number in octal) \0
Null

12. FLOATING CONSTANT OR REAL CONSTANTS
In fraction form
Must have at least one digit before a decimal point and at least one digit after the decimal point. It may have either positive or negative sign preceding. By default with no sign it is positive.
In Exponent form
It has two parts : a mantissa and an exponent. The mantissa must be either an integer or a proper real constant. The exponent must be an integer. The mantissa is followed by a letter E

13. Valid / Nonvalid Real constants
In fraction form
In Exponent form
Valid
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
2.0 7
152E05
172.E5
17.5 7
1.52E07
1.7E
-13.0
0.1523E08
0.17E2.3
17,230.50
152.0E08
.25E-7

14. It is a sequence of characters surrounded by double quotes
STRING LITERALS
It is a sequence of characters surrounded by double quotes

15. Diagrammatic representation
Literals
Integer
Constan t
Character
Constan t
Floating
Constan t
String
Literal
Decimal
Octal
Hexa
Decimal

16. PUNCTUATORS/ SEPERATORS
[ ] ( ) { } , : ; * … = #

17. OPERATORS
These are tokens that trigger some computation or action when applied to variables and other objects in an expression

18. Diagrammatic representation
Token
Keywords
Identifiers
Literals
Punctuators
Operators
Integer
Constant
Character
Constant
Floating
Constant
String
Literal
Decimal
Octal
Hexa
Decima l