1. The Periodic Table
of Elements

2. The Periodic Table
The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods
The vertical columns are called families (or groups)
Elements in the same family have similar physical and chemical properties

3. Periodic Table

4. Metals Metals are on the left and in the centre of the periodic table
Metals have the following physical properties:
conduct heat and electricity
ductile and malleable
shiny
solid at room temperature (except mercury)

5. Metals Metals have the following chemical properties:
can easily corrode/oxidize
react with acid to release hydrogen gas

6. Metals

7. Non-Metals Non-metals are on the right side of the periodic table
Non-metals have the following physical properties:
poor conductors of heat and electricity
usually solid or gas at room temperature (only Bromine is a liquid at room temperature)

8. Non-Metals
Non-metals have a wide range of chemical properties and reactivities
have a tendency to gain electrons in a chemical reaction

9. Non-Metals

10. Metalloids
Metals are separated from non-metals by a staircase of elements called metalloids
Metalloids are elements with properties intermediate between metals and non-metals
silicon
tellurium

11. Metalloids Physical properties: Chemical properties:
solid at room temperature
can be shiny or dull
brittle (not ductile)
may conduct electricity, poor conductor of heat
Chemical properties:
vary
silicon
tellurium

12. Metalloids

13. Chemical Families
Chemical Family = Groups of elements that have similar physical and chemical properties

14. Chemical Families Alkali Metals (Group 1) Reactivity:
reacts easily with water and air
reacts easily with halogens
Physical Properties:
Shiny, silvery
Only found in nature as compounds
Compounds are white solids soluble in water

15. Chemical Families Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2) Reactivity:
less reactive than group 1 metals
Physical Properties:
shiny, silvery
forms compounds that are often insoluble in water

16. Chemical Families Halogens (Group 17) Reactivity: Physical Properties:
reacts easily with alkali metals
Physical Properties:
poisonous
exists naturally as compounds

17. Chemical Families Noble Gases (Group 18) Reactivity:
inert, stable, unreactive
can be excited by electricity to produce colours, but are chemically unchanged
Physical Properties
colourless, odourless
gases at room temperature
does not form compounds

19. Chemical Families
All atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons
For example, all elements in group 1 have one valence electron

20. Noble Gases
Elements will react so that they have the same number of electrons as an atom of the closest noble gas.

21. Noble Gases
For example, neon is the closest noble gas in the periodic table to sodium, magnesium and aluminum

22. Periodic Table
reactivity increases

23. Periodic Table
reactivity increases