1. The Ideas of the enlightenment
SS.912.W.5.3
Summarize the major ideas of Enlightenment philosophers.
SS.912.W.5.4
Evaluate the impact of Enlightenment ideals on the development of economic, political, and religious structures in the Western world.
SS.912.W.5.5
Analyze the extent to which the Enlightenment impacted the American and French Revolutions

2. Essential Questions “What were the major causes of the Enlightenment?”
“What impact did the Enlightenment have on political structures in the Western World?”
“How did the Enlightenment influence the American and French Revolutions?”

3. Complete Bubble map
The Enlightenment

4. What is the Enlightenment?
18th Century philosophical movement inspired by the Achievements of the Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment philosophers hoped to use the scientific method to better understand ALL aspects of life
Force for Reform and Revolution

5. What is the Enlightenment?
Enlightenment thinkers were called “Philosophes”
Reason and rational criticism should be applied to EVERYTHING

6. Practice
How did Enlightenment thinkers follow the example of the Scientific Revolution?
A. attempted to create technologies to analyze reforms
B. applied the Scientific Method to all aspects of life
C. applied “survival of the fittest” to human interaction
D. applied “heliocentric” to people’s selfish ideas

7. Enlightenment Philosophers
Locke
Voltaire
Diderot
Smith
Rousseau
Montesquieu
Use your chart to list the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers

8. John Locke People were born with a TABULA RASA, or blank mind
political theory of government by the consent of the governed as a means to protect “life, liberty and estate”
Wrote “Two Treatises of Government”
deeply influenced the United States’ founding documents
His essays on religious tolerance provided an early model for the separation of church and state.

9. Montesquieu Natural Laws government social and political relationships
Separation of Powers
3 Branches of Government
each branch limits and controls the others in a system of checks and balances
English Government
Executive Branch
The monarch
Legislative Branch
Parliament
Judicial Branch
Courts of law
He based his ideas about government on the structure of England’s government, which would later serve as the blueprint from American’s structure of government
Turn and talk to your neighbor: Montesquieu believed separation of powers would prevent too much power from accumulating in the hands of one person or group. Why would he want to avoid such an accumulation of power?

10. Voltaire Preached religious toleration
Conflicted with the church
Deist: believe the universe is like a clock; God was the clockmaker who designed the universe and let it run on its own.
His ideas influenced the 1st Amendment of the American Constitution

11. Diderot Created a 28 volume of articles about: “The Encyclopedia”
Religious toleration
Social reforms
Political reforms
Legal reforms
“The Encyclopedia”
Helped spread Enlightenment ideas

12. Adam Smith
Laissez-faire
“to let people do what they want”
People will function better if they are free to pursue their own economic self-interests
No government regulations concerning economics
Wrote “The Wealth of Nations”
The Roles of Government
Protect Against Invasion
Defend citizens against injustice
Maintain public works, such as roads and canals
Turn and Talk: How do the roles of government, as defined by Adam Smith, support a country’s economic interest?

13. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Believed people had become enslaved by the government
People need to regain freedom
Emotions balance reason
Society best functions through a “Social Contract”
Society agrees to be governed
The governing establishment must represent the best interests of the community
Those who peruse individual interests, must be forced to obey the governing

14. Got it? What belongs in the blank box of the diagram?
The Renaissance
The Scientific Revolution
__________
The American Revolution
What belongs in the blank box of the diagram?
a. The Constitution
b. The Enlightenment
c. The Social Contract
d. The Ptolemaic System

15. Check up
“There is no word that admits of more various significations, and has made more varied impressions on the human mind, than that of liberty. Some have taken it as a means of deposing a person on whom they had conferred a tyrannical authority; others for the power of choosing a superior whom they are obliged to obey; others for the right of bearing arms, and of being thereby enabled to use violence; others, in fine, for the privilege of being governed by a native of their own country, or by their own laws.1 A certain nation for a long time thought liberty consisted in the privilege of wearing a long beard.2 Some have annexed this name to one form of government exclusive of others: those who had a republican taste applied it to this species of polity; those who liked a monarchical state gave it to monarchy.3 Thus they have all applied the name of liberty to the government most suitable to their own customs and inclinations: and as in republics the people have not so constant and so present a view of the causes of their misery, and as the magistrates seem to act only in conformity to the laws, hence liberty is generally said to reside in republics, and to be banished from monarchies.”
Which Enlightenment philosopher most likely wrote this excerpt?
A. Voltaire
B. Diderot
C. Montesquieu
D. Rousseau

16. Last one
“We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”
Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
What enlightenment idea is reflected in the Preamble to the Constitution?
A. natural rights
B. social contract
C. religious toleration
D. separation of powers

17. Enlightenment effect on political structures
Natural Rights
Equality before the law
________________________
Freedom of Religion
_________________
Freedom of Speech
________________
Freedom of the Press
_____________
The right to assemble
_______________
The right to own property
__________________
The right o purse happiness
____________________
In the blanks, provide an example of how YOU use each natural right, or how you see it being implemented throughout society (or your government).

18. Enlightenment effect on Revolutions and governments
Read the Documents and completed the ENLIGHTENMENT INFLUCES (people AND ideas) for each document
Let’s do the first one together
Common Sense
Declaration of Independence
US Constitution
US Bill of Rights
Enlightenment Ideas
Social Contract
Rousseau
Government represents the best interests of society

19. Check in
Which government policy would Adam Smith be most likely to support?
A. expansion of the interstate highway system
B. government-funded health insurance programs
C. unemployment insurance for workers who lose their jobs
D. government assistance to automobile companies during a recession

20. ON which point would Rene Descartes (most knowledge comes from reason) and the philosophes agree?
A. emotions should balance reason
B. observations must follow set procedures
C. rational thought it key to understanding
D. the universe was created by a clockmaker deity

21. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
What Enlightenment ideas are included in the excerpt from the Declaration of Independence?
A. separation of powers, Deism
B. laissez-faire, social contract,
C. deism, natural rights
D. natural rights, social contract

22. Complete the Graphic Organizer
The Scientific Revolution
-Scientists used new technologies and methods to learn about the universe
The Enlightenment
American Revolution
French Revolution