1. The Enlightenment
18th Century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society.
AKA “The Age of Reason”

2. The Enlightenment Philosophers
You are going to take the which Enlightenment thinker are you quiz
Record your answers on a SEPARATE sheet of paper

3. English Philosophers

4. Category 2 = John Locke
Famous Work:
Two Treatises on Government

5. John Locke
Human Nature: 1. People are born blank slates, society shapes us
2. People are born free and equal with three Natural Rights:
Life
Liberty
Property

6. John Locke Political Beliefs:
Government’s power comes from the people. (Social contract)
Government’s job is to protect people and their rights.
Did NOT support Absolute Monarchy

7. John Locke
Greatly inspired Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence.

8. Category 1 = Thomas Hobbes
Famous Work: Leviathan

9. Leviathan Hebrew for… How Hobbes uses it… An absolutist government….
GIANT SEA MONSTER!!!!!
How Hobbes uses it…
An absolutist government….

10. Thomas Hobbes Beliefs: Human nature is greedy and selfish
Strong central government needed to keep order
Supported Absolute Monarchy
Supported a social contract

11. French “Philosophes”

12. Category 3= Rousseau
Famous Work: The Social Contract

13. Rousseau
Beliefs:
Human nature is good, it has been corrupted by civilization
Government should perform the will of the people (social contract)
Rulers are elected by the people, and all people are equal.

14. The first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said "This is mine," and found people naïve enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows: Beware of listening to this impostor; you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody.
- Rousseau

15. What do all 3 agree on?
Social Contract- Government exists because people want it to exist
Use of reasoning
If people are ___________________
Then People need _______________
Therefore the proper government is ______________________________

16. Montesquieu Beliefs: Government should include separation of powers:
Legislative Branch – Makes laws
Executive Branch – Enforces laws
Judicial Branch – Interprets laws

17. Plan A little more notes on politics Candy?
Feminism- reading and notes
An introduction to Adam Smith

18. Montesquieu Famous Work: The Spirit of Laws
If Humans are _________________________
Then leaders (and people) need ____________
Therefore we should __________________

19. “Constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it, and to carry his authority as far as it will go.” -Montesquieu

20. Separation of Power

21. U.S. Separation of Power

22. Voltaire
Famous Work: Candide

23. Voltaire Beliefs: Religious tolerance rather than fanaticism
Separation of church and state (government)
Freedom of speech

24. “It does not require any great art or studied elocution to prove that Christians ought to tolerate one another. Nay I shall go still farther and say that we ougt to look upon all men as out brethren. How! Call a Turk, a Jew, and a Siamese my brother? Yes, doubtless; for are we not all children of the same parent, and the creatures of the same creator?”
Voltaire

25. Voltaire US Constitution
Freedom of Religion
Freedom of Speech
Bill of Rights
First Amendment

26. Would you rather? Be Or You can only be one….which would you rather?
Strong
Brave
Powerful
A leader Or
Kind
Gentle
Generous
A friend
You can only be one….which would you rather?

27. Reading Questions- Write these down on a sheet of paper to turn in
At what age was Rousseau suggesting girls be educated up to?
How does Rousseau support his idea that women and men are constituted differently? (What evidence does he use)
What is (according to Wollstonecraft) the point of education?
Why can women not rely on men to lead them?
What is the Wollstonecraft last argument for women’s education

28. Mary Wollstonecraft Work: Vindication of the Rights of Women
Argues for: Equal Education

29. Adam Smith
Famous Work: Wealth of Nations

30. Previous System: Mercantilism
1. Wealth depends on how much gold a country has
2. Each Nation should be self-sufficient
3.Colonies provide raw materials
4. Minimize trade with other nations

31. Adam suggests Capitalism!
1. EVERYONE benefits from trade
2. Good and Services are produced for profitable exchange
3. Labor/Time is a source of value
Math
History
Opportunity
Cost of doing Math
Assuming there was 50 Math Q’s and 20 History Qs
Smarty 20 10 .5
Smarty takes History – 2 hours minutes
Dummy does math- 3 hours 20 min
Dummy 15 5
.33333
Smarty take math- 2.5 hours
Dummy does history- 4 hrs

32. Assuming there was 50 Math Q’s and 20 History Qs
Opportunity
Cost of doing Math
Assuming there was 50 Math Q’s and 20 History Qs
Smarty 20 10 .5
Smarty takes History – 2 hours minutes
Dummy does math- 3 hours 20 min
Dummy 15 5
.33333
Smarty take math- 2.5 hours
Dummy does history- 4 hrs
Heavy Machinery (ex.Airplanes)
Cheap Crap
Time/costs to produce
Assuming there is a need for was 50 Airplanes and 20 Tons of cheap crap
U.S
20 /million
10/ mill .5
U.S builds airplanes– 2 million dollars
China builds cheap crap- 3.3 Million dollars
China
15 /million
5/million
.33333
U.S Builds cheap crap- 2.5 mill
China builds airplanes - 4 million

33. A: 3. “Invisible Hand” guides the market
Supply and demand
4. Competition makes people more efficient

34. SO. Leave the Market Alone! = Laissez Fair