1. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL Clock Signals Clock signals are SPEED reference signals that are used in applications where the rate or speed at which data is transferred or output must remain constant. Clock signals can be used for both analog and digital applications. In digital audio applications the clock signal is know as Word Clock. In video applications the clock signal is know as House Sync, or Video Sync, or Black Burst Clock Signals should not be confused with Timecode. Clock signals are SPEED reference signals that are used in applications where the rate or speed at which data is transferred or output must remain constant. Clock signals can be used for both analog and digital applications. In digital audio applications the clock signal is know as Word Clock. In video applications the clock signal is know as House Sync, or Video Sync, or Black Burst Clock Signals should not be confused with Timecode.

2. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL Digital Word Clock A square wave, clock reference signal for digital audio Word Clock is a speed reference Sample rate is derived from word clock signal Allows serial transmission between digital audio devices A square wave, clock reference signal for digital audio Word Clock is a speed reference Sample rate is derived from word clock signal Allows serial transmission between digital audio devices Typically uses a 75 coaxial video cable with BNC termination. "BNC (British Navy Connector) is a bayonet-type connector, seen on professional video equipment. The male connector, usually mounted on the equipment, appears as a cylinder with a hollow pin in the center. The outer cylinder has two little nubs sticking out on opposite sides. The female connector, normally mounted on the cable, has an outer ring with slots on opposite sides which turns so that it can bayonet onto the nubs of the male connector, and has a smaller center pin which joins to the male's hollow center pin.

3. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL Video House Sync A video waveform signal without video elements, often referred to as House or Sync or Black Burst or Video Sync House Sync is a speed reference signal used as a control track on ALL video tape formats. House Sync is used to synchronize video tape machines and processors to a common speed reference. In video facilities, House Sync is sent to all tape machines and video processors. House Sync is embedded into the video signal (from a video camera) during recording. This composite signal creates a control track that defines the speed of the original recording. These camera tapes are called Source Tapes. In post-production video applications, Master Tapes are blank tapes that have been formatted by striping them with House Sync and a black video signal. This process is called Blacking. Video editing is the process of transferring selected Source Tape material onto video Master Tapes. As with the Source Tapes, House Sync allows Master Tapes to synchronize to the common speed reference from the House Sync generator. House sync DOES NOT CONTAIN TIME CODE! This is a common misconception. Uses a "BNC" (British Navy Connector) connector. A video waveform signal without video elements, often referred to as House or Sync or Black Burst or Video Sync House Sync is a speed reference signal used as a control track on ALL video tape formats. House Sync is used to synchronize video tape machines and processors to a common speed reference. In video facilities, House Sync is sent to all tape machines and video processors. House Sync is embedded into the video signal (from a video camera) during recording. This composite signal creates a control track that defines the speed of the original recording. These camera tapes are called Source Tapes. In post-production video applications, Master Tapes are blank tapes that have been formatted by striping them with House Sync and a black video signal. This process is called Blacking. Video editing is the process of transferring selected Source Tape material onto video Master Tapes. As with the Source Tapes, House Sync allows Master Tapes to synchronize to the common speed reference from the House Sync generator. House sync DOES NOT CONTAIN TIME CODE! This is a common misconception. Uses a "BNC" (British Navy Connector) connector.

4. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL House Sync & Word Clock Both are speed reference signals. They do not contain timing information such as Time Code or Sample Rate, rather they provide the basic speed reference to generate a timing signal. Sample Rate is derived from Word Clock. Frame Rate is derived from House Sync.

5. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL Studio Interconnections Video Sync Video Sync Master W/C Master W/C VHS VTR VHS VTR Digital Console DAW DA-88 W/SY-88 DA-88 W/SY-88 Micro Lynx Micro Lynx 2 Multitrack 2 Multitrack CD Recorder CD Recorder DAT IF-88AE AES Converter IF-88AE AES Converter Word Clock Digital Audio Analog Audio Timecode TDIF Audio Video Ref. Sync

6. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL Digital Connections M27

7. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL Common delivery formats Audio CD 44.1 kHz / 16 bit Digital Audio for Video 48kHz / 16 & 24 bit (mostly 16 bit!! Sometimes 32kHz!!!) DAT, DA-88, ADAT 44.1kHz, 48 kHz /16 bit Some models can record 24 bit audio DVD-V 48kHz, 96kHz /16 & 24 bit DVD-A 44.1kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2kHz, 96 kHz, 176.4 kHz, 192 kHz / 16 & 24 bit Audio CD 44.1 kHz / 16 bit Digital Audio for Video 48kHz / 16 & 24 bit (mostly 16 bit!! Sometimes 32kHz!!!) DAT, DA-88, ADAT 44.1kHz, 48 kHz /16 bit Some models can record 24 bit audio DVD-V 48kHz, 96kHz /16 & 24 bit DVD-A 44.1kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2kHz, 96 kHz, 176.4 kHz, 192 kHz / 16 & 24 bit

8. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL High Resolution Audio DVD-V 48kHz, 96kHz /16 & 24 bit DVD-A 44.1kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2kHz, 96 kHz, 176.4 kHz, 192 kHz / 16 & 24 bit DVD-V 48kHz, 96kHz /16 & 24 bit DVD-A 44.1kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2kHz, 96 kHz, 176.4 kHz, 192 kHz / 16 & 24 bit

9. Copyright © 2007 – Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved. v1.0 JL Digital Audio Interconnects & Transmission Formats SDIF AES/EBU S/PDIF ADAT Optical (lightpipe) TOSlink Optical (lightpipe) TDIF SDIF AES/EBU S/PDIF ADAT Optical (lightpipe) TOSlink Optical (lightpipe) TDIF