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Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs
Classification Brand names Mechanism of action Major side effects
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Sulfonyl Ureas Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide
Glibenclamide,Glipizide,Gliclazide, Glimepride Brand Names Glibenclamide:- Daonil, Glynase, Melix, Glibil, Glitizol etc.
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Sulfonyl Ureas Glipizide:- Minidiab Glicazide:- Diamicron, Glyzide
Glimepride:- Amaryl Mechanism of action Stimulate the beta cells to produce insulin Major side effects Hypoglycemia, Diarrhea, Head ache, Nausea , Vomiting, Hypersensitivity etc.
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Biguanides Phenformin Metformin :- Glucophage Dimet, Dialon
Omformin etc. Mechanism of action Suppress Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Decrease Intestinal absorption of glucose Peripheral utilization of glucose-increasing Major side effects Abdominal pain, Anorexia , Flatulence, metallic taste, Lactic acidosis etc.
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Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose :-Glucobay Interferes the digestion of carbohydrate. Side effects are same as biguanides
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Meglitinide analogues
Repaglanide :- Novonorm Nateglinide control of postprandial hyperglycemia Thiazolidinediones Rosiglitazone:- Avandia Pioglitazone:- Actos Selective agonists for the PPAR-g( Nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) = transcription of insulin responsive genes, reduce peripheral insulin resistance
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Newer Drugs Saxagliptin Sitagliptin Vildagliptin:- Galvus
It inhibits dipeptidylpeptidase-4 enzyme more insulin secretion&reduction in glucagon secretion Exenatide Liraglutide Activates GLP-1receptors
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