1. Nuclear Stability Nuclear Changes
Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Stability
Nuclear Changes

2. Nuclear Forces
Forces that hold the neutrons and protons together in the nucleus.
Nucleons:
Combined term to represent the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

3. Nuclide expression

4. Quarks The particles that make up protons and neutrons
Described in 6 flavors
Up Down top
Bottom Charm strange
Only the up and down quarks make up the protons and neutrons
Protons:
2 up quarks
1 down quark
Neutrons
1 up quark
2 down quarks

5. Predicting Nuclear Stability
Nuclear binding energy:
Energy released when nucleons combine to form a nucleus
separate nucleons  nucleus + energy
The mass of any atom is less than the combined masses of its separated parts.
This difference in mass is known as the also called mass deflect.

6. Mass Deflect
The equation E = mc2 shows energy can be converted into mass, and mass can be converted into energy.
A small quantity of mass is converted into an enormous quantity of energy when a nucleus forms.

7. Nuclear Change Radioactivity Types of Particles released
The release of particles, or waves during the change from an unstable nuclei to a stable one
Types of Particles released
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Video

8. Nuclear Particles

9. Beta decay
A neutron in an unstable nucleus may emit a high-energy electron, called a beta particle ( particle), and change to a proton.
The mass number does not change because the total number of nucleons does not change

10. Radioactive Decay Rules for radioactive decay
Gamma:
Release of a gamma ray
Alpha:
Release of an alpha particle

11. Nuclear Fission
The splitting of a very heavy nucleus into 2 smaller atoms
Chain reaction
The continuation of nuclei breaking down from the products of other fission
A minimum quantity of radioactive material, called critical mass, is needed to keep a chain reaction going.

13. Nuclear Fusion video
when small nuclei combine, or fuse, to form a larger, more stable nucleus
In the sun, hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a single nucleus

14. Assignment Complete the Isotopes Worksheet
Work on Nuclear reactions worksheet