1. September 29, 2015
Journal: What do you know about cells?

2. The basic unit of all living things!
Cells
The basic unit of all living things!

3. Theory – well tested hypothesis.
Cell Theory
Theory – well tested hypothesis.
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
New cells come from existing cells.

4. Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

5. Prokaryotic Cells Small, single cell organisms Simple No nucleus
Lived on earth for 2.5 billion years
Were the only organisms for millions of years

6. Eukaryotic cells Single or Multicellular Complex
Have specialized organelles including a nucleus
First appeared 1.5 billion years ago

7. 2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells
1. Single Celled – 1 cell (volvox, euglena and paramecium)

8. 2. Multicellular – many cells (plants and animals)

9. Animal Cell

11. Plant Cell

13. Cell Organelles

14. Function – protection & controls what enters and leaves cell.
Cell Membrane
Function – protection & controls what enters and leaves cell.

15. Function – holds all organelles and nutrients.
Cytoplasm
Function – holds all organelles and nutrients.

16. Function – supports cell, and helps it move
Cytoskeleton
Function – supports cell, and helps it move

17. Function – control center of the cell, holds DNA
Nucleus
Function – control center of the cell, holds DNA

18. Function – makes proteins
Ribosome
Function – makes proteins

19. Function – holds Ribosomes and modifies proteins
Rough ER
Function – holds Ribosomes and modifies proteins

20. Function – makes lipids
Smooth ER
Function – makes lipids

21. Function – packages proteins and ships them out.
Golgi Apparatus
Function – packages proteins and ships them out.

22. Mitochondria
Function – power house of the cell that breaks down food and turns it into energy

23. Function – storage unit
Vacuole
Function – storage unit

24. Animal Cells Only Function – cleans up waste and eats foreign invaders
Lysosomes
Function – cleans up waste and eats foreign invaders

25. Plant Cells Only
Chloroplast
Function – makes food (sugars)

26. Function – protection and support
Cell Wall
Function – protection and support

27. Name That Image

28. RBC capillary

29. hair

30. Flies foot

31. ant

32. Microscopes
Instrument that magnifies images that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

33. Focuses beams of electrons over an object to produce an image.
Electron Microscope
Focuses beams of electrons over an object to produce an image.

34. How are these
pictures possible?

36. Light Microscope
Passes light rays through an object, and up through a lens to form an image.

38. January 8, 2014 Journal: What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

39. Parts of a Light Microscope

40. Eyepiece The part you look in Magnification is 10x
Contains the ocular lens

41. Nosepiece Holds the high and lower power objective lenses
Can be rotated to change magnification

42. Objective Lenses Low Power - 4x magnification
Always start and end on low power!
Medium Power - 10x magnification
High Power - 40x magnification

43. Stageclips
Holds the slide in place

44. Stage
Supports the slide being viewed

45. Light source
Projects light upwards through the diaphragm , the specimen, and the lenses

46. Base
Supports the microscope

47. Diaphragm
Regulates the amount of light on the specimen

48. Focus Knobs Fine Adjustment Knob Coarse Adjustment Knob
Moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image
Coarse Adjustment Knob
Moves the stage up and down for focusing
Only to be used on low and medium power

49. Arm
Used to support the microscope when carried

50. What happens as the power of magnification increases?
Low Power = 10 x 4 =40x
Medium Power = 10 x 10 = 100x
High Power = 10 x 40 = 400x

51. General Rules As always, no eating or drinking in the lab.
Make sure all backpacks are underneath a desk or table.
Be careful with the lab equipment!

52. When carrying your microscope…
Carry it with one hand on the arm and one hand on the base
Carry it close to your body

53. Once your microscope is turned on…
Place your slide on the stage with the specimen lined up in the middle
Make sure you are on low power
Use the coarse focus knob to focus
Use your fine focus knob to make finer adjustments
Switch to higher power if necessary
NEVER USE THE COARSE FOCUS KNOB ON HIGH POWER OR OIL EMMERSION

54. When its time to clean up…
Make sure your microscope is on low power
Turn off and unplug your microscope
Return your slides to the proper place
Cover your microscope
Return your microscope to the cabinet where you found it