1. Chapter 21 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY
The American Nation In the Modern Era
3/31/2017
Chapter 21 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Section 2: The Kennedy White House
Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society
CHAPTER 21--THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY

2. Objectives: Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
How did television coverage influence the presidential election of 1960?
How did President Kennedy plan to stop the spread of communism?
Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba fail?
How did the Cuban missile crisis almost lead to war?

3. Television coverage and the election of 1960
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Television coverage and the election of 1960
Prior to debates, Nixon led in the polls.
Debates showed Kennedy vibrant and Nixon tired.
Radio listeners thought Nixon had won, but TV viewers thought Kennedy won.
Kennedy won election by narrow margin.

4. Kennedy’s plan to stop communism
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Kennedy’s plan to stop communism
The strategy was called flexible response.
Military actions included the Bay of Pigs invasion.
Non-military programs included the Peace Corps and economic aid such as Alliance for Progress.

5. Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion
strong Cuban counterattacks
absence of a popular revolt
lack of air strikes
lack of naval and air support

6. The Cuban missile crisis
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
The Cuban missile crisis
Soviet Union installed offensive missiles in Cuba.
U.S. blockaded Cuba to force the Soviet Union to remove the missiles.

7. Objectives: Section 2: The Kennedy White House
How did President Kennedy’s image conflict with reality?
Why did Kennedy have difficulty getting legislation passed?
How did the Kennedy administration try to help poor Americans?
How did Americans respond to the death of the president?

8. Kennedy’s image Section 2: The Kennedy White House
presented picture of health and vitality
carefully controlled
avoided photographs of the president wearing reading glasses
struggles with illness (back trouble, Addison’s disease) hidden

9. Difficulty passing legislation
Section 2: The Kennedy White House
Difficulty passing legislation
A coalition of southern Democrats and conservative Republicans in Congress opposed Kennedy’s programs.

10. Kennedy’s help for poor Americans
Section 2: The Kennedy White House
Kennedy’s help for poor Americans
supported passage of the Area Redevelopment Act
was working on more antipoverty legislation when assassinated

11. Response to assassination
Section 2: The Kennedy White House
Response to assassination
deep mourning
shock, fear, and outrage
the Warren Commission

12. Objectives: Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society
How did President Johnson’s War on Poverty affect American communities
What problems did the Great Society programs address?
How did the Warren Court expand individual liberties?
Why did support for the Great Society programs decline during the late 1960s?

13. Johnson’s War on Poverty
Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society
Johnson’s War on Poverty
Office of Economic Opportunity coordinated programs such as job training.
Head Start program provided pre-school education for low-income families.
Volunteers in Service to America provided a domestic Peace Corps.
American Indians allowed to run their own antipoverty programs.

14. The Great Society Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society
health care (Medicare, Medicaid)
education (Elementary and Secondary Education Act)
housing (Omnibus Housing Act)
cultural programs
environmental protection acts

15. The Warren Court Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society
ruled that electoral districts had to have the same number of voters
declared that states had to provide lawyers to impoverished defendants
ruled that the accused had the right to have a lawyer present during police investigations
declared that accused persons had to be informed of their rights at the time of arrest

16. Decline in support for the Great Society
Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society
Decline in support for the Great Society
Vietnam War diverted funds and attention.
Speed of legislation worried some members of Congress.
Republicans gained congressional seats in 1966 elections.
Some state and local politicians disliked federal control of programs.