1. Imperialism

2. Forms of Imperialism FORMS OF IMPERIALISM CHARACTERISTICS Colony
A country or region governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate
A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government

3. Forms of Imperialism Types of Management
INDIRECT CONTROL
DIRECT CONTROL
Local government officials were used
Limited self-rule
GOAL: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
GOAL: assimilation (the process in which a minority group adopts the customs of the prevailing culture)
Government institutions based only on European styles
Paternalism: people governed in a fatherly way where their needs are provided for but they’re not given rights

4. Causes of Imperialism Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural revolution led to the Industrial Revolution
This led to the need of more resources for the growing population, it was this need that drove countries to colonize

5. Causes of Imperialism:
Agricultural Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Nationalism
4) Social Darwinism

6. “Whatever happens, we have got the Maxim gun, and they have not.”
One English writer put it this way:
“Whatever happens, we have got the Maxim gun, and they have not.”

7. The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914
Imperialism: The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

8. Causes of Imperialism Economic:
The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States
Where would these resources come from?
Africa
Asia

9. Causes of Imperialism Social:
Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others
Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations
Need to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa
Need to civilize and “westernize” others

10. Rudyard Kipling, author of The Jungle Book, was an Anglo-Indian – an Englishman who was born in India.
His ideas about imperialism can be seen in a poem he wrote in 1889, called The White Man’s Burden:
“Take up the White Man’s Burden –
Send forth the best ye breed –
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need;
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild –
Your new caught, sullen peoples
Half devil and half-child.”

11. Causes of Imperialism Military and Nationalism
Taking ports around the world allowed the military to have strategic areas to protect trade
Colonies gave manpower to armies, particularly Britain
This fed into nationalism, wanting to show you are the greatest country in the world by colonizing the world

12. Causes of Imperialism Summary:
Military
a) more people for larger army
b) strategic areas of the world to control trade
2) Economic: Industrial Revolution
a) need more and more natural resources to use in factories
b) need new supplies of labor to keep wages low
c) need to find new markets of people to buy products
3) Nationalism
a) countries prove their greatness by acquiring colonies
b) countries compete with each other to get more colonies
4) Social Darwinism
a) strong countries should rule over weak countries
b) spread Western Civilization

13. Where Did Colonization Happen?
Africa

14. What Enabled African Imperialism?
Europeans’ technological superiority (including the machine gun)
Improvements in transportation to and within Asian and African colonies
Disunity among ethnic groups in Africa

15. No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??
Imperialism in Africa
Berlin Conference,
European nations met to lay down rules for the division of Africa
Any European nation could claim land in Africa by telling the others and showing they could control the area
Europeans paid no attention to the ethnic and linguistic divisions in Africa when dividing it amongst themselves
No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??

17. Impact of Imperialism in Africa
POSITIVE
Local warfare reduced
Improved sanitation
Hospitals led to increased lifespan
Schools led to increased literacy
Economic growth
NEGATIVE
Loss of land and independence
Men forced to work in European owned mines and on European owned farms
Contempt for traditional culture and admiration of European culture = identity problems
Dividing up of Africa = artificial boundaries divided kinship groups and united rivals

18. Where Did Colonization Happen?
Asia

19. Asian Imperialism
Asia will also be divided and technologically behind Europe
China will be divided into spheres on influence but not conquered
Japan will respond by very quickly modernizing and becoming an imperialist nation of its own (Meiji Restoration)

21. Opium Wars
China will declare war on the British for selling opium and turning many Chinese into addicts
The British will win and force the Chinese to sign the treaty of Nanjing
The treaty gave Britain Hong Kong, and spheres of influence in China
The treaty will also lead to the Ti-Ping rebellion which led to over 10,000,000 dead Chinese, the worst rebellion in world history

22. Imperialism in 1914