1. Gert-Jan Monteny (WUR-ASG); e-mail: gert-jan.monteny@wur.nl
Integrated measures in agriculture to reduce ammonia emissions (with emphasis on IPPC threshold evaluation) Contract No /2005/422822/MAR/C1
22/11/2018
Alterra, EuroCare, ASG
Presentation:
Gert-Jan Monteny (WUR-ASG);
Rather technical part of the presentation, but we hope MS / participants will realise how important it is to provide data in special formats and data of good quality. .

2. Set up of presentation
Thematic Strategy on air pollution; problem of ammonia emissions
Overview of the Service Contract
IPPC Assessment on intensive livestock farming
Key Issues
Methodology
Next steps

3. Thematic Strategy on Air pollution and ammonia
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Communication adopted in September 2005:
NH3: % lower than 2000 level
Integration of instruments, notably those who reduce the excessive use of N (and N losses; N-cycle)
Revision of NEC
Evaluation of IPPC thresholds for pigs and poultry, and assessment of possible inclusion of cattle rearing
New Rural Development rules, measures to reduce NH3 emissions will become eligible
The Thematic Strategy on air pollution has recently been adopted by the Commission (Sept 2005). It fixes a framework for future European actions to reduce air pollution. It has « translated » the global objectives of the 6th Environmental Action Programme into quantified targets notably for what concerns environmental and health objectives, related emissions reduction needed and air quality targets. The CAFE programme was set up to support the thematic strategy and included various activities such as integrated assessment modelling (using the RAINS model developped by IIASA and which will be presented here by M Klimont from IIASA), ex-post evaluation of European policies, in depth health impact review achieved by the World Health Organisation. It was accompanied by an in depth stakeholder consultation.

4. Ammonia emissions: main impacts
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NOx
NH3
Agriculture
Industry
Transport
Households
N- deposition
Acidification
Eutrophication
Cultural heritage
Biodiversity
Ecosystems
Secondary
Particulate matter
Water and soil
pollution
Health
Impact
What are the main impacts of these ammonia emissions ?
Ammonia emissions are contributing to:
- Eutrophication and acidification of the ecosystems : once emitted, ammonia comes back on earth in the form of acid and nitrogen deposition endangering biodiversity and ecosystems
- The formation of particulate matter (so called « secondary particulate matters ») of small size (PM 2.5) having a large impact on health

5. Fractional contribution of primary pollutants to the effects in 2020
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In 2020, as to compare to the other pollutants, the relative contribution of ammonia to eutrophication (around 70%), acidification (about 40%) and formation of particulate matters (40%) is increasing. This is due to the fact that important emission reduction are expected for the other pollutants. This shows clearly the relevance of taking further actions to reduce ammonia emissions. The next slides are another illustration of this phenomenon…
Clean Air for Europe

6. Ammonia emissons in Europe
7.5 Mton for Europe
6.5 Mton for Europe
4 Mton for EU25 – 2000
3 Mton for EU25 in 2020 (-27%)
80% from agriculture (50/50 pigs and poultry/cattle)
Largest single source: manure application on grassland and arable land (estimate: 55%)
Second largest single source: housing (30%)
‘Minor sources’: grazing, outside storage of manure (15%)

7. Overall objectives of the project
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….to define the most appropriate integrated and consistent actions to reduce environmental impacts from agriculture…
So, the key approach is to:
Identify/promote all measures reducing N excess in agriculture (animal feeding, N fertiliser), and ensure consistency between various instruments
The model is based on the model presented by JRC
Modifications: Fieldnames more consistant
Simplifications: no tables with statistics (e.g. Trends), all measurements in one table
We make use of 1 Unique code for each monitoring station
Country code- Nuts code- nat station ID:

8. Description of main tasks of the project
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Develop an integrated approach
Analysis of International and European Instruments
In depth assessment of the most promising measures
Impact assessment of a possible modification of the IPPC directive
Stakeholder consultation, presentations, workshop
The model is based on the model presented by JRC
Modifications: Fieldnames more consistant
Simplifications: no tables with statistics (e.g. Trends), all measurements in one table
We make use of 1 Unique code for each monitoring station
Country code- Nuts code- nat station ID:

9. Assessment of possible modifications of IPPC
Why ?
IPPC is a key directive to regulate intensive livestock
IPPC is an important tool to achieve health and environment related objectives of TS
IPPC is based on “integrated approach” and concerns largest Installations So
Evaluate the most cost-effective options for IPPC scope (review of current pigs and poultry thresholds, and possible inclusion of cattle rearing)
Assess the environmental (NH3 and other impacts), economic and social impacts of various options

10. IPPC for intensive rearing of pigs and poultry
Current IPPC thresholds (large operations)
> 2,000 places for pigs (>30kg)
> 750 places for sows BAT-based permits (BREF)
> 40,000 places for poultry
Cattle is not included

11. Methodology TOOLS OUTPUTS DATA CAPRI RAINS (Ammonia, GHG) MITERRA-EU
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TOOLS
OUTPUTS
DATA
CAPRI
(Nutrients, Economy, Social)
REVIEW OF CURRENT THRESHOLDS FOR PIGS AND POULTRY
ACTUAL FARM SIZE DATA 2003
RAINS (Ammonia, GHG)
MS Information on IPPC Permits
ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE THREHOLD FOR CATTLE HOLDINGS
Developments of agricultural holdings
MITERRA-EU
(Nitrate, Phosphate)

12. Review of IPPC scope – key evaluation issues
For intensive rearing of pigs and poultry
Assessment of current thresholds in view of percentage of farms and animals covered
Possible differentiation between species (laying hens – broilers, …) in view of their different impacts
Assess main environmental, economic and social impacts
For cattle rearing
Review MS legislation
Evaluate environmental impacts (more than 50% of NH3 from agriculture)
Determine main options for possible thresholds

13. Time tables Overall Service Contract: IPPC scope review:
Start: January 2006
Finish: June 2007
IPPC scope review:
Data gathering : January – June 2006 = > “data collection” report
Determination of possible options and preliminary assessment: June – December 2006 = > interim report
Impact assessment on specific options: November 2006 – March 2007
Outcome analysis: March/April 2007 = > draft final report
Finalization project: June 2007= final report

14. Stakeholder consultation
Planned (in Service Contract): 6 contact moments
Stakeholders: Commission/Policy Makers, MS representatives, NGO’s, Farmers’ Organizations, Science
IPPC Review Advisory Group
Café Steering Group
UNECE Ammonia Abatement Expert Group
International Ammonia Conference March 2007

15. Suggested inputs from Advisory Group
Methodology, contact points: views on suggested general approach (this presentation; until end June 2006)
Data collection (MS level; animal numbers, farm sizes, national legislation)  consultation based on “data collection’ report (summer 2006)
Possible options and preliminary assessment:  consultation based on “interim report” (autumn 2006)
Impact assessment:  consultation based on “draft final report” (early 2007)

16. Thank you. Any questions, suggestions. More information: http://ec
Thank you !! Any questions, suggestions? More information: Written comments and input to
22/11/2018
Any questions?