2. Please write into notebook 
CH 4
Changes in Matter

3. Nuclear Transformations
4.0 Types of Changes:
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Three Types of Changes
Nuclear Transformations
Physical Change
Chemical Change

4. 4.1 Physical Change:
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Does not change the chemical composition or the nature of a substance
Process is easily reversible
Ex. Crumpling & smoothing out paper
Ex. Freezing water and thawing ice
Ex. Sublimation – from solid to gas (ex. dry ice (CO2) or iodine)

5. Dissolve (dissolution)
Tells you a
physical change
occurred
Key Words:
Crush/Pulverize
Melt
Evaporation (lg)
Condensation (gl)
Solidification(ls)
Sublimation (sg)
Dissolve (dissolution)
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6. 4.2 Chemical Changes:
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Changes the chemical composition or make-up of the substance
New substances are formed with new properties
Not easily reversible
(Reversible only through chemical means or reactions)
Rust

7. Signs of Chemical Changes:
Tells you a
chemical change
occurred
Please write into notebook 
Signs of Chemical Changes:
Formation of a gas
Formation of a precipitate
Change in colour
Production of heat &/or light
Increase or decrease in mass

8. 4.3 Nuclear Transformations:
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The particles in the nucleus are rearranged.
New elements are created!
Fission = nucleus is split to make 2 or more lighter nuclei
Fusion = 2 small nuclei combine to form one heavier nuclei

10. 4.4 Reactions 2H2O (l) → 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)
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Chemical reactions can be represented symbolically with chemical equations eg. Meaning: 2 molecules of water (H2O) combine to make 2 molecules of hydrogen gas (H2 ) and 1 molecule of oxygen gas (O2).
2H2O (l) → 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)

12. s = solid l=liquid g=gas aq=aqueous (dissolved)
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13. 2H2O (l) → 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)
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The particle model uses spheres to represent the individual atoms. H = O = +

14. Particle Model for burning natural gas.

15. Types of Chemical Change
Synthesis (come together)
Decomposition (go apart)
Precipitation (solid is formed)
Acid-Base neutralization
Oxidation *
Combustion *
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis

16. Please write into notes
4.5 Oxidation
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Materials oxidize when they react with oxygen in the air
Rusting (corrosion) is a form of oxidation
Iron in air will form iron oxide (rust)
4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3

17. Iron Oxide (Rust)

18. Copper Oxide

19. Please write into notes
4.6 Speed of oxidation
Speed up
Slow Down
Galvanize the metal (coat in Zinc)
Oil coating (rust proofing)
Water proofing
Preservative
Air
Light
Water
Salt

20. Please write into notes
4.7 Combustion
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A form of oxidation that releases a large amount of energy
Burning wood,
Cellular respiration
Burning fossil fuels
Internal Combustion engine 

21. 3 conditions necessary for combustion
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Ignition temperature: minimum temperature needed for combustion to start.
Oxidizing agent: causes the fuel to react (02 in the air is most common)
Fuel: substance that is holding onto chemical energy in its bonds (wood, propane, oil, gas etc.)

22. Please put triangle into notes
Triangle of Fire
Please put triangle into notes
Combustion will continue until you run out of one (or you have very little left)!

23. Please write into notes
3 types of combustion
Please write into notes
1-Rapid:
fire, explosion, car engine

24. Please write into notes
3 types of combustion
Please write into notes
1-Rapid: fire, explosion, car engine 2-Slow:
decomposition, fermentation, corrosion

25. Please write into notes
3 types of combustion
Please write into notes
1- Rapid: fire, explosion, car engine 2- Slow: decomposition, fermentation, corrosion 3-Spontaneous: ignites without any outside energy source (eg: some forest fires, oil coated rags, etc.) linseed oil link

26. Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy