1. The Renaissance and Reformation 1300-1650 Chapter 13

2. 13-1 The Renaissance in Italy (pg 224)

3. What was the Renaissance? (pg 225-226)
A New Worldview
Renaissance – it was a ‘rebirth’ of political, social, economic, and cultural ideas that centered around _____ and ______ civilizations.
Preservation of the old (by monks):
Production of the new:
focus on the ‘here and now’, rather than
death and afterlife.
focus on individual achievement

4. Expressing Humanism (an intellectual movement)
A Spirit of Adventure
Led to exploration
Chris Columbus
Expressing Humanism (an intellectual movement)
Humanities: focus on worldly subjects such as: grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history, instead of religious issues.
New – 10/14/13 – those who were
followers of humanism were the humanists.

5. Italy’s Vibrant City-States (pg 226)
Renaissance – a rebirth of Greek and Roman culture
Why Italy? (pg 225)
Florence and the Medicis
Produced poets, artists, scholars, and scientists
Medici family
Richest ______ and _______
in Europe.
Money=political power
patrons

6. New Slide (10/14/13): How might the above painting show the influence of Medieval art on Renaissance painters?

7. New Slide (10/14/13): What painting technique was
used the above?

8. 13-2 The Renaissance in the North Pg 232

9. The Printing Revolution (pg 232)
Johann Gutenberg:
around 1455 – he invented the printing press which produced the first complete edition of the Christian Bible
by 1500, there were about million bibles in Europe, before the printing press, there were only a few thousand
Printing revolution brought immense changes:
books were cheaper and easier to produce
with more available books, more people learned to read
printing presses spread throughout Europe exposing educated Europeans to new ideas

10. 13-3 The Protestant Reformation pg 237

11. Abuses in the Church Popes living lavish How? –
Indulgences-
Protests in northern Europe even before the reformation movement:
scholars voice opposition

12. Martin Luther: Catalyst of Change (pg 238-239)
1517 Martin Luther leads revolt
The 95 Theses
Johann Tetzel
sold ‘indulgences’ (what are they?)
Effect: Martin Luther writes 95
arguments against indulgences.
What did they object to?

13. Luther’s Teachings Church demanded he recant views.
All Christians have equal access to God through faith and the Bible (which he translated into German)
wanted every town to have a school to that children could learn to read the Bible
Church demanded he recant views.
Luther - Reject Rome
Excommunication in 1521
Renounced authority of pope
went into hiding

14. Luther’s Ideas Spread (pg 240)
By 1530, Lutherans changed name to __________
Widespread Support
Answer to corruption
Princes had selfish reasons for following:

15. The Peasant Revolt (pg 240)
Peasant supporters of Luther started a revolt in 1524.
Luther’s views about peasant revolt:
The Peace of Augsburg (pg 240)
A settlement was reached after what event?

16. Switzerland’s Reformation- pg 241
John Calvin
Teachings
Bible only source of salvation
Predestination
Saints and sinners
True Christian lives
Calvin’s Geneva (Switzerland)
Set up a theocracy
Harsh punishments for offenses for:
Education

17. Spread of Calvinism
Calvinism took root in Germany, France, Netherlands, England, and Scotland.
Created wars with Roman Catholic Church

18. 13-4 Reformation Ideas Spread

19. Radical Reformers Radical sects Anabaptists
What did Luther think of them?
Religious toleration and separation of _________
Quakers, Amish, Mennonites

20. The English Reformation
Seeking an Annulment
King Henry VIII
“Defender of the Faith”
Wife, Catherine of Aragon
Refusal of annulment
Anne Boleyn

21. Break With Rome Decided to take over the English church
1534 Act of Supremacy
Opposition were ______, some ________.
Thomas Cranmer
(married 4 more times only one son)

22. The Church of England Religious Turmoil Investigating of convents
Anglican Church
Religious Turmoil
His son, Edward VI supported __________.
His daughter, Mary turns against Protestants.

23. The Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III was leader of reformation.
Goal:
Council of Trent 1545
Tradition
Good works
Not only Bible
Accountability
education
Reclaim catholic church and push for reform (end corruption)

24. Widespread Persecution
Catholics and Protestants fostered intolerance. Catholic mobs killed Protestants. Protestants killed Catholic priests and wrecked Catholic churches.
Witch Hunts
1450 to 1750, tens of thousands killed. Many were scapegoats.
Most were:
Beggers, poor widows, or midwives

25. Jews and the Reformation (pg 247)
Spain expelled Jews in 1492
Italy:
Ghettos
Yellow badge
How did Luther feel? -
Migration – to where?
Could stay, but forced in ghettos

26. 13-5 The Scientific Revolution

27. Changing Views of the Universe
A Revolutionary Theory
1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Heliocentric model
Galileo
Telescope
Controversy with church. Why?
“it does move”

28. A New Scientific Method
A Step-by-Step Process
Hypothesis
Scientific method
Bacon and Descartes
Newton Ties It Together
Isaac Newton