1. BASIC NETWORK CONCEPTS
--Fundamentals of Computer Network-
Network- It is a communication system which support many users.
The interconnection of one station to many stations is called as networking.
Each station in a communication network is called as a node.
Exa. Telephone system
Visit to more Learning Resources

2. Fig1: Simple Communication N/w

3. Human Network -- Network of Human beings.
--Social structure which consists of individuals, organizations, schools, hospitals etc. connected through technology.
--A social network is defined as a social structure in which the individuals & organizations act as a nodes.

4. Fig2: Human N/w
Human Being act as a nodes
Links

5. There are 4 types of Human Network such as: 1. Family Network
2. Peer Network
3. Restaurant network(Client server N/w)
4. Contact Network
1.Family network- Most people belong to a family n/w in which related people shares the resources & information.
Father
Mother
Child
Child

6. --This type of n/w shares resources, information among peers.
2.Peer Network- Outside the family there is community which offers a more wide array of resources. Hence the family is connected to this community to use these resources.
--This type of n/w shares resources, information among peers.
Restaurant
School
Family
work

7. 3. Restaurant network(Client server n/w)- In these n/w servers serves many clients as per their demands.
--The waiter works as a server, customer as clients,resouces are shared to resources.
Snacks
Tea &
coffee
Cold
drink
Ice
cream
Resouces
Waiter(server)
Customers(Clients)

8. 4. Contact Network- A job searching person knows it very well that one of the best ways to find a job is to use n/w.
--The more people you meet the more chances of you to get a job such a n/w is called contact n/w.
Work
Friends
Associate A
perfect
job
Friends
friend
Teacher

9. Computer Network
Defination- A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate & share the available resources.
--Each node is computer & connecting device such as hub or switch.
--Computer connected in n/w share files, folder,appplications & resources like scanners,web-cams,printers etc.

10. Fig: Computer Network
Hub

11. Protocol- To occure successful communication it is not enough for the “sender” to simply transmit the message & “assume” that the “receiver” will receive it properly.
--There are certain rules that must be followed to ensure proper communication.
--A set of such rules is known as a “protocol” of communication system.

12. Computer N/w
Human N/w
1. Each node is computer
1. Each node is human being
2. Nodes are interconnected via links which are cables or wireless links
2. Human beings are linked via social structure
& technology such as phone lines, s
3. Types: Point to point, Broadcast,client server, LANs, MANs, WANs etc
3. Types: Family n/w, contact n/w, restaurant n/w.
4. Resources like printers etc are shared
Resources like home,food etc are shared

13. Need & Application of Computer Network
--For sharing the resources such as printers among all the users.
--For sharing of expensive software & d/b.
--To facilitate communication from one computer to the other.
--To have exchange of data & information among the users via the n/w.
--For sharing of information over geographically wide areas.
--For connecting the computers between various buildings of an organization.
--For education purposes. 13 13

14. Components of a Computer Network
2 or more computers
Cables (Coaxial, twisted pair or fiber optic) as links between the computers.
A N/w Interfacing Card(NIC) on each computer
Switches or other connecting devices
A software called network operating system. 14 14

15. Network Benefits 1) Sharing Resources-
a. Sharing of h/w resources- A n/w allows its users to share many h/w devices such as printers, scanners, modems, fax m/c, CD ROM players etc.
-- This will save expenses on h/w resources.
Laser
Printer
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4 15 15

16. --This save lot of time & cost.
b. Sharing of s/w resources- In a n/w we can centrally install & configure only one copy of each s/w & share it among rest of the computer.
--This save lot of time & cost.
Graphic File
Centralised
storage
D/b file
Word
Document
PPT
Common S/w

19. Other Benefits (Advantages) of CN
1. Increased speed- N/w provide very fast sharing & transfer of files.
2. Reduced Cost- Many popular versions of s/w usable for the entire n/w which reduces cost compared to individual licensed copies.
3.Improve security- It is possible to protect the programs & files from illegal copying, by allotting password to authorised users.
4. Centralized s/w management- It is not necessary to waste time & energy to installing updates & tracking files on independent computers.
5.Electronic mail- Person to person communication is improved.
6. Flexible Access- It is possible for authorised users to access their files from any computer connected on the n/w.

27. 4) PAN( Personal area network)
--A personal area network(PAN) is a computer n/w designed for & organized around an individual person.
--A PAN generally consist of laptop, cell phone & Personal digital assistant(PDA). PAN will allow the communication to take place among these devices.
--PAN can also be used for communication among personal devices themselves(interpersonal communication) or connecting to higher level n/w & internet(called uplink).
--PAN can be constructed using cables or it can be wireless such as bluetooth or infrared connection. PAN covers generally cover a range upto 10 meters.

28. 5) CAN( Campus area network)
--A CAN is made up of an interconnection of LAN within a limited geographical area.
--The n/w equipment such as switches, routers & transmission media i.e. Optical fiber are almost entirely owned by the campus owner(i.e. Company, university)
--Exa. A university CAN would connect different buildings its campus such as departments, library with each other.

30. For more Details Contact Us