1. LIFE STAGES

2. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Begins with birth
Ends with death

3. LIFE STAGES Person differ greatly
Every person passes through certain stages of growth and development

4. CLASSIFICATIONS SEVEN STAGES
Infancy - birth to 1 year
Early childhood years
Late Childhood – 6-12 years
Adolescence years
Early adulthood years
Middle adulthood years
Late adulthood - 65 to death

5. TYPES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 4 TYPES
Physical: Body growth
Mental: development of mind
Emotional: feelings
Social: interactions & relationship

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF STAGES
Tasks progress from simple to complex
foundations for the next stage
rate of accomplishment varies

7. Ages birth - 1 year of age Oral-sensory period
INFANCY
Ages birth - 1 year of age
Oral-sensory period

8. Basic Conflict
Trust vs. Mistrust
Major Life Event
Feeding

9. Conflict resolution Trusts if: If mistrusts becomes:
Caregiver is responsive to basic needs and provides comfort
If mistrusts becomes:
Uncooperative and aggressive
Decreased interest in environment

10. Physical Development Dramatic & Rapid changes tripled weight
muscular & nervous system immature
reflex actions
muscle coordination develops
teeth
vision

11. Mental Development Rapid during first year respond to discomforts
pain, cold, or hunger by crying
gradually become more aware of surroundings
recognize individuals
As infants respond to stimuli
learning activities grow
speech

12. Social Development
Progresses from the total self-centered concept of the newborn to a gradual recognition of others in the environment
4 months
recognize persons who care for them
smile
stare at others
6 months
watch activities of others
show signs of possessiveness
shy or withdrawn from strangers

13. Social Development 6 months 12 months watch activities
show signs of possessiveness
12 months
shy with strangers
socialize freely with familiar people
mimic & imitate gestures
facial expressions
vocal sounds

14. Social cont dependent on others for all needs Love & security
food, cleanliness & rest are essential for physical growth
Love & security
essential for mental growth

15. AGES 1- 3 Muscular-Anal period
TODDLER
AGES 1- 3
Muscular-Anal period

16. Basic Conflict Major Life Event Autonomy versus Shame/Doubt
Toilet Training

17. Conflict resolution
Learns control while mastering skills such as feeding, toileting, and dressing
Caregivers provide reassurance
If needs not met:
Feels ashamed
Doubts own abilities
Lack of self-confidence later on

18. Preschool
3-6 years
locomotor

19. Basic Conflict
Initiative vs. Guilt
Major Life Event
Independence

20. Conflict Resolution Initiate activities instead of just imitating
Uses imagination
Learns boundaries
Develops a conscience
If needs not met:
Feels guilty
Thinks everything they do is wrong
Hesitancy to try new tasks in later stages

21. Physical Development Slower than during infancy
Skeletal and muscle development helps a child look more like an adult
legs & lower body tend to grow more rapidly then the head, arms & chest
muscle coordination
run, climb, and move freely
finger muscles develop learns to write, draw & use a fork & knife

22. Physical continued Age 2 - 3 2-4 years of age most teeth have erupted
digestive system is mature enough to handle most adult food
2-4 years of age
learn bowel & bladder control

23. MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Advances rapidly during early childhood
Verbal growth
age 6
1,500 -2,500

24. Mental 2 year olds short attention span interested in many activities
remember details
begins understanding concepts

25. Mental 4 year old ask frequent questions
recognize letters and some words
begin to make decisions based on logic rather than trial & error

26. MENTAL CONT. 6 YR OLD Very Verbal wants to learn how to read
Memory has developed
make decisions based on both past and present experiences

27. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Ages 1 to 2
develops self awareness and the effect they have on others
limits are usually established for safety
Anger, temper tantrums may occur if desired performance not accomplished
likes routine becomes stubborn, angry, or frustrated when changes occur

28. Emotional Development
Ages 4 - 6
gain more control over emotions
know right or wrong
more independent
less anxiety when faced with new experiences

29. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Self – Centered 1yr old Sociable 6 yr old Later yrs
Put self first
Trust people

30. Needs Food, rest shelter, protection, love and security
Routine, order, consistency in daily life
Taught to be responsible and must learn how to conform to rules

31. LATE CHILDHOOD OR PREADOLESCENCE
6-12YRS
Latency stage

32. Basic Conflict
Industry vs. inferiority
Major Life Event
School

33. Conflict Resolution Masters learning and obtains success
Learns to deal with academics, group activities, and friends when others show acceptance
If not:
Develops a sense of inferiority and incompetence which hinders future relationships and ability to deal with life events

34. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Slow but steady Gain 5-7 pounds per year
Ht increase 2-3 inches per year
Muscle coordination well developed
Physical activities that require complex motor-sensory skills
Loose teeth
Visual acuity the best
10-12 sexual maturation may begin

35. MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increases due to school
Speech skills develop more completely
Reading & writing should be learned
Information used to solve problems
Memory becomes more complex
Understands more abstract concepts
Loyalty, honesty, values,and morals

36. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Age 6
Frightened and uncertain as they begin school
Reassuring parents and success in school helps gain self-confidence
Fears replaced with coping abilities
Learn to control emotions

37. Ages 10 –12 Sexual maturation and body changes Restless and anxious
Difficult to understand

38. SOCIAL CHANGES 7 years Activities they can do by self
Approval of others especially parents and friends

39. Ages 8-10 Group oriented Forms groups with members of own sex
Ready to accept some opinions of others
Conforms to rules and standards of behavior

40. Ages 10-12 Tend to make friends more easily
Increasing awareness of opposite sex
Gradually move away from parents

41. NEEDS
Basic needs
Reassurance
parental approval
peer acceptance

42. ADOLESCENCE
AGES

43. Basic Conflict Major Life Event Identity vs. Role Confusion
Peer Relationships

44. Conflict Resolution Makes choices about:
Occupation
Sexual orientation
Lifestyle
Adult role
Relies on peer group for support and reassurance to create a self-image separate from parents
If needs not met:
Role confusion
Loss of self-belief

45. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Growth spurts can cause rapid increases in wt & ht
awkwardness or clumsiness
Puberty
development of the sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics
secretions of sex hormones

46. MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increase knowledge and social skills
Learn to make decisions; accept responsibility for actions
Treated both like child and adult

47. Emotional Development
Often stormy and in conflict
Concerned about their appearance
Respond more to peer groups
May create a conflict with vales previously established

48. Later Years of Adolescence
Self-Identity has been established
Feel more comfortable with who they are
Concerned about career

49. Social Development Move away from family
Security in groups of people their own age
Develop a more mature attitude and patterns of behavior

50. Needs
Reassurance, support and understanding
Basic needs

51. Eating Disorders
Often develops from an excessive concern with appearance
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia

52. Chemical Abuse
Development of a physical and /or mental dependence on these chemicals.
Trying to relieve anxiety or stres
Peer pressure
Escape from problems
Experimentation

53. Suicide One of the leading causes of death in adolescents Reasons
Depression
Grief
Failure in school
Not meeting expectations
Lack of self-esteem

54. Suicide warning signs
Verbal statements such as “I’d rather be dead,” or “you’d be better off without me”
Sudden changes in appetite and sleep habits
Withdrawal and moodiness
Excessive fatigue or agitation
Alcohol or drug abuse

55. Early Adulthood
years

56. Intamacy versus isolation
Basic conflict
Intamacy versus isolation
Major life event
Love relationships

57. Conflict resolution
Learn to make personal commitment to others, share life events with others. If self-identity is lacking, may fear relationships and isolate self from others

58. Physical Development Basically complete
Muscles are developed and strong
Motor coordination is at its peak
Prime time for chidbearing
Female sexual development is at its peak

59. MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Continues through this stage
Many pursue additional education to establish and progress in their chosen career
Formal education may take several years

60. Deals with independence
Makes career choices
Establishes a lifestyle
Selects a marital partner
Starts a family
Establishes values
Makes many decisions and forms many judgments

61. Emotional Development
Involves preserving the stability established in previous stages
Subjected to many stresses
Careers
Marriage
Family
Satisfaction in accomplishments
Accept criticism and profit from mistakes

62. Social Development
Moving away from peer group to those with similar ambitions and interests regardless of age
Becomes involved with a mate and forms a family

63. Middle Adulthood
40-65 years

64. Basic Conflict Major Life Event Generativity versus Stagnation
Parenting

65. Conflict Resolution
Seek satisfaction and obtains success in life by using career, family, and civic interests to provide for others and the next generation. If the adult does not deal with life issues, feels lack of purpose to life and sense of failure

66. Physical Development Hair tends to gray and thin
Skin begins to wrinkle
Muscle tone starts to decrease
Hearing loss begins
Visual acuity declines
Weight gain occurs
Females experience menopause
Males experience a slowing of hormone production

67. Mental Development Mental ability can continue to increase
Have acquired an understanding of lofe and have learned to cope with many different stresses.
Allows them to be more confident in decision-making and excellent in analyzing situations

68. Emotional Development
Contentment and satisfaction or crises
Job stability vs. loss
Financial success
The end of childrearing vs. taking care of aging -parents
Good health vs. fear of aging, loss of youth and virility

69. Social Development
Family relationships decline as children leave the nest and parents die
Work relationships often replace family
Divorce rates increase
Friendships are usually with someone who has the same interests and lifestyles

70. Late Adulthood
65-death

71. Basic Conflict Major Life Event Ego integrity versus despair
Reflection on and acceptance of life

72. Conflict resolution If reflection is in a positive manner:
Feels fulfillment
Deals with losses
Prepares for death
If reflection is negative:
Despair about life
Fear of death

73. Physical development Elderly, Senior citizen, Golden Ager, retiree
Is on the decline
Skin beomes thin,dry, and wrinkled
Hair becomes thin and loses its luster
Bones: more brittle and porous = fx
Muscles lose strength and tone
Hearing loss, memory loss, heart less efficient, circulation decreases
Breathing more labored

74. Mental Development May remain alert and well oriented or
Decreased mental ability
Alzheimers disease
Arteriosclerosis

75. Emotional Development
Some cope well with stresses presented by aging and remain happy and enjoy life
Others become lonely, withdrwan, frustrated, and depressed
Retirement
Death of spouse
Physical disabilities
Loss of independence

76. Social Development
Retirement means less contact and a limited circle of friends
Death of spouse
Moving to new environment
Need a sense of belonging, self-esteem, financial security and social acceptance