1. The CIRCULATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems

2. Functions of the Circulatory System
Picks up food from the digestive system and delivers it to the body cells while picking up the waste products
Helps to regulate heat in the body
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and antibodies

3. Structures of the Circulatory System

4. Heart Hollow organ about the size of your fist
Located between the lungs, behind the sternum, and above the diaphragm
Pumps blood throughout the body
Three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
Four chambers
Major blood vessels
Four valves

5. The 4 Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle.
Receives deoxygenated
blood from the veins.
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps to the lungs.
Pumps blood into the
aorta, which will transport blood through the body.

6. Major Blood Vessels in the Heart
Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins

7. Valves in the Heart
Tricuspid Valve- between right atrium and ventricle
Pulmonary Valve- to the lungs
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve – between left atrium and ventricle
Aortic Valve – to aorta

8. Blood flow through the Heart
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aorta

9. Closed system for the flow of blood
Blood Vessels
Three types of vessels:
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Blood is generally bright red
Largest artery is the aorta
Smallest branches are called arterioles
Veins
Carry blood toward the heart
Blood is generally dark red
Smallest branches are called venules
Contain small valves
Capillaries
Connect arteries and veins
Thin walled and have one layer of cells. These are important in the nutrient and gas exchange between the blood and the cells.
Closed system for the flow of blood

10. Blood Provides vital transportation for the body Four components
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Plasma

11. Anemia Heart Attack High Blood Pressure Atherosclerosis
Diseases and Careers
Anemia
Heart Attack
High Blood Pressure
Atherosclerosis

12. Anemia
Blood disorder where capacity of the blood to transport oxygen is decreased.
Usually red blood cell count is diminished.
Causes:
Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies, decreased RBC production, increase in RBC destruction by spleen
Symptoms:
Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor, increased heart rate, difficulty breathing

13. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary artery is blocked.
Symptoms:
Chest pain
Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen, shoulder or left arm.
Nausea
Vomiting
Difficulty breathing
Anxiety or fear

14. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Blood pressure is chronically elevated.
Can contribute to coronary artery disease, strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the aorta.
Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is considered hypertension.
Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild headache.

15. Atherosclerosis
Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries.
Restricts the flow of blood.
Fats and other particles combine to form plaque.
Calcium can be deposited by plaque and cause the area to harden.

16. Careers Emergency Medical Technician Surgical Technician Cardiologist
Phlebotomist
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Technician

17. Emergency Medical Technician
Entry-level emergency patient care provider
Usually complete a course that is about hours
Median annual salary is $32,883

18. Surgical Technician
Prepare operating rooms, arrange equipment, and help doctors during surgeries
Education: postsecondary certificate or an associate’s degree
Salary: $44,330

20. Cardiologist
Doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases or conditions of the heart and blood vessels
Education: After medical school, they attend six to eight more years of general internal medicine training and specialized cardiology training through a residency
Salary: ~$400,000/yr

21. Phlebotomist
Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research
Education: most hold an associate's degree or have completed phlebotomy training
Salary ~$30,000/yr

22. EKG Tech
Perform diagnostic tests to aid doctors in identifying and treating cardiovascular problems in patients
Education: on-the-job training is the primary path; certification courses
Salary: median salary in the United States is $50,000 per year