1. 목요일 10월 29일 전문가 특강 “미국 오바마 대통령의 아시아 정책” 김현욱 교수님 기말고사 시험범위에 포함
국립외교원 미주연구부장
김현욱 교수님
기말고사 시험범위에 포함
PPT는 KLAS 참조

2. American Politics Update
Hillary Clinton as the “come-back-kid”
Debate ( ), Biden ( ), and the Benghazi Committee ( )
Paul Ryan (R-WI) to be elected the Speaker of the House this Thursday (Oct 29th)
How to unite the party

3. Presidential Power Debates
as “Power-to-Persuade”
as “Power-without-Persuasion”

4. Presidential Power Debates
as “Power-to-Persuade”
as “Power-without-Persuasion”

5. The Building Blocks for Consolidating Presidential Power
I. The Institutional Presidency II. Agenda-setting Power III. “Bully Pulpit” Power

6. The Building Blocks for Consolidating Presidential Power I
I. The Institutional Presidency
The forging of a public yet personal presidency supported by a rather impersonal growth in the White House bureaucracy
Until the 1870s, presidents had to pay any assistants out of their own pockets.
The Brownlow Committee: “The president needs help.”
The Creation of the Executive Office of the President (EOP) in  “The Institutional Presidency” was born!
Council of Economic Advisors in 1946
National Security Council in 1947

7. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) created in 1939
The following entities exist within the Executive Office of the President:
Council of Economic Advisers (1946)
Council on Environmental Quality (1970)
Domestic Policy Council
National Economic Council (1993)
National Security Council (1947)
Office of Administration
Office of Management and Budget (1970): OMB
Office of National AIDS Policy
Office of National Drug Control Policy
Office of Science and Technology Policy (1976)
Office of the United States Trade Representative (1963): USTR
President's Intelligence Advisory Board and Intelligence Oversight Board
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
White House Military Office

8. The Building Blocks for Consolidating Presidential Power II
II. Agenda Setting power
the power of agenda setting linked to the role of the president in the legislative arena
On March 5, 1933, FDR issued an executive order temporarily closing the banks, and then on March 9, an emergency banking bill was passed by Congress (benchmark for FDR’s successors)
By the time of Eisenhower, legislators not only accepted but even demanded a presidential agenda.
“Don’t expect us to start from scratch on what you people want.
That’s not the way we do things here --- you draft the bills, and we
work them over.” (a House committee chair admonishing Eisenhower)

9. Presidential “Agenda-setting” Power in the Making of US Foreign Policy
Doctrines or large-scale agendas for foreign-policy strategies
allow presidents a great deal of influence over foreign-policy
 “American Grand Strategy”
Truman: “Containment policy” (containing USSR)
Eisenhower: “New Look” (air-strike and nuclear weapons)
JFK/LBJ: “Flexible Response” (“guns-AND-butter”)
Nixon/Carter: “Détente” (opening to China, SALT I and II)
Reagan: “Roll-back” (aid to anti-communist movements)
Bush: “Preemptive Strikes” (the war on terrorism)

10. The Building Blocks for Consolidating Presidential Power III
III. The “Bully Pulpit” in a Broadcast Age
Radio spread to 80 percent of all U.S. households by 1940
“Fireside chat” in radio a week after FDR’s inauguration
“Leading by educating” the public so that they would see the
issues the same way FDR did!
Cf) Jimmy Carter in the energy crisis
Eisenhower in 1955 began to allow TV cameras into press conferences
The impact of TV on the 1960 debates between JFK and Nixon
Kennedy: the first live coverage of his press conferences in
prime time and 65 million Americans watched it.

11. “Bully Pulpit” Power of the Presidency http://www. youtube. com/watch
The core feature of modern presidency
Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and FDR
The impacts public opinion has on political outcomes such as
congressional roll call votes, vetoes, midterm election results, etc
“Going Public” strategy
taking the case directly to the people
paradox: presidents are going public at time it is least likely to work.

12. “Bully pulpit” power and “Going public” strategy
Speech tour for the Hepburn Act of 1906 (TR)
Personal delivery of the State of the Union Address (Woodrow Wilson)
“Evil Empire” speech in 1983 (Reagan)
George W. Bush and 9/11

13. Presidential appearances

14. Press Conferences (per year)