1. THE OPEN OCEAN Polar Seas and the Abyss
Marine Biology

2. The Open Ocean Also called the PELAGIC ZONE
Covers 75% of the Earth’s surface
Most organisms here never come across solid surfaces
Phytoplankton (tiny plants) are the largest food source in the world
Which is more fertile: green sea water or blue sea water?
green

3. The Open Ocean

4. The Open Ocean Many whales eat phytoplankton and krill
They create ‘bubble nests’
Blow tiny bubbles under water
Bubbles rise, trapping krill
Whales ambush from underneath
Swallow the krill

5. Polar Seas Two polar areas of the world ARCTIC ANTARCTIC
Artic (north pole)
Antarctic (south pole)
ARCTIC
Huge mass of ice
Beneath the ice is the Atlantic ocean
ANTARCTIC
Huge land mass
Land is frozen, covered with ice miles thick

6. Polar Seas: How Do Animals Survive?
Fish are poikilothermic
Cold blooded
Water temps are below 4 degrees Celcius
They should freeze solid
These fish have a chemical adaptation
Their blood contains antifreeze

7. Polar Seas: How Do Animals Survive?

8. Polar Seas: Seals All but a few species here are extinct Ross seal
hunting
Ross seal
rarest
Weddell seal
Can hold its breath for an hour
Ringed seal
Gives birth on the ice

9. Polar Seas: PENGUINS!!!!!!!! Most penguins live in warm water
Penguins can’t fly
They are the only birds in the world that don’t have hollow bones
They have a blubber layer to keep warm
Much heavier than other birds their size

10. Penguins: Love and romance
Every year, thousands flock together in search of a mate. Once they pair up, they stay together, as a monogamous couple, until the chick is a year old.

11. The penguins travel up to 80 miles on foot to find a safe mating ground away from predators. They only produce one fertile egg per year so it is critical that the egg (and eventually the chick) is safe.

12. The couple will practice the transfer of the egg dozens of times before the actual egg is laid. If it isn’t done right and the egg touches the frigid ice for too long…

13. Then the egg will die.

14. Once the egg is safely transferred, the male will carry it on his feet for weeks, standing perfectly still or shuffling his feet, being careful to never let the egg touch the ice.

15. When the chick hatches, it will remain on the feet of the male until all of its downy feathers grow in and a blubber layer forms. The father will go months without eating. In the meantime, the mother is off collecting food.

16. When the chick is ready to be on it’s own, it will give a call

17. Then the male, female, and chick go their separate ways
Then the male, female, and chick go their separate ways. Next year, they will do it all over again.
THE END